miWi^m^^mm- 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



(SMITHSONIAX DEPOSIT.) 

Chap. P^4 
Shelf ^ L^ L- 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



fm 



^^/ cJ' 



^^^^M^ 




L. 



Exb:rcises 



FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY 



COMMEMORATIVE OF THE 



THE 



Incorporation of 

City of Lowell, 



Thursday, April i, 1886. 



\RAR) 






^4- 









%, 



LOWELL, MASS.: 
VOX POPULI PRESS: S. W. HUSE & CO. 

1886. 



Prelimmdnes. 




PREVAILING public desire that the ap- 
preaching fiftieth anniversary of the incor- 
poration of Lowell as a city should be 
observed in a fitting manner, took form in the 
chambers of the Common Council, on the evening 
of Jan. II, 1886, in the following Joint Order, in- 
troduced by Councilman Lawrence J. Smith, and 
which was passed by both branches of the City 
Council, and approved by the Mayor, to wit: — 



CITY OF LOWELL. 

[seal] 



In Common Council, Jan. 11, 1886. 



ORDER FOR A JOINT SPECIAL COMMITTEE. 



Ordered, If the Board of Aldermen concur, that a 
Joint Special Committee be appointed, consisting of the 
Mayor, two members of the Board of Aldermen, and four 
members of the Common Council, to consider the expedi- 
ency of observing the fiftieth anniversary of the incorpo- 



PRELIMINARIES 



ration of the City of Lowell, said Committee to report to 
the City Council within four weeks. 



In Common Council, Jan. ii, 1886. 
Read and adopted; sent up for concurrence. 

DAVID CHASE, Clerk. 



In Board of Aldermen, Jan. 15, 1886. 
Read and adopted, in concurrence. 

SAMUEL M. CHASE, City Clerk. 



Jan. \(\ 1 886. Approved. 

JAMES C. ABBOTT, Mayor. 

In pursuance of the above order, the following- 
named gentlemen were appointed to act as the 
Committee, to wit : — 

Mayor : 
JAMES C. ABBOTT. 

Aldermen : 
JEREMIAH CROWLEY. JAMES FRANCIS. 

Councilmen : 
LAWRENCE J. SMITH. ROSWELL M. BOUTWELL. 

CHAS. H. RICHARDSON. CHAS H. HOBSON. 

At a meeting of the Committee, Councilman 
Lawrence J. Smith was chosen chairman, and Coun- 
cilman Chas. H. Hobson secretary. 



PRELIMINARIES. 5 

On the evening of Jan. 19, icS86, and in behalf 
of the Committee, Councih-nan Lawrence J. Smith 
presented the following Joint Resolution, to wit: — 

CITY OF LOWELL. 

In Common Council, Jun. 19, 1886. 
Resolved, By the Board of Aldermen and Common 
Council of the City of Lowell, in City Council assembled, 
as follows : That the Joint Special Committee, appointed 
to consider the expediency of observing- the fiftieth anni- 
versary of the incorporation of the City of Lowell, be, 
and they are hereby authorized and directed to make all 
necessary arrangements for a public celebration of that 
event, April i, 1886, and the expense attending the same 
be charo-ed to the Reserved Fund. 



In Common Council, Jan. 19, 1886. 
Read once, and ordered to a second reading. 

DAVID CHASE, Clerk. 



I.\ Common Council, Jan. 19, 1886. 
Read a second time and passed ; sent up for concurrence. 

DAVID CHASE, Clerk. 



In Board of Aldermen, Jan. 19, 1886. 
Read twice and passed, in concurrence. 

SAMUEL M. CHASE, City Clerk. 

Jan. 21, 1886. Approved. 

JAMES C. ABBOTT, Mayor. 



'fie (Be\e^hr(^(\Qn, 




HE morning of Thursday, April, i, 1886, 
found our citizens astir to do honor to 
the fiftieth anniversary of the existence of 
Lowell as a city. The skies cleared away, giving 
promise of a fair day, and long before the hour 
announced for the opening of the exercises, the 
vast auditorium of Huntington Hall was filled by 
those anxious to participate therein. 

The hall itself was a perfect bower of flowers, 
the front of the gallery being tastefully decorated 
with potted plants, the whole culminating with 
a perfect forest of hot-house plants on the stage. 
Bright - colored streamers and festoons of bunting 
vied with the natural colors of flowers, the whole 
making a picture very pleasing to the eye. 

On raised seats and in front of the stage were 
seated the children of the public schools, number- 
ing^ some four hundred, who, under the direction of 
Mr. H. B. Day, contributed many, fine numbers in 
chorus. 



O THE CELEBRATION. 

Promptly at ten o'clock, Chairman Lawrence J. 
Smith ushered into the hall and to seats upon the 
stage His Honor Mayor Abbott, the various speakers 
and the invited guests, and the following were the 
mornine exercises. 



^^^,,,:nA ^m,VE,s,^^^ 



Q\\^ 0f 




ewe. 



(ii. 



1836=1886 



Morning Celebration, 



At Huntington Hall, Thursday, April 1, 1886, at 10 o'clock. 



Music by a Chorus of Four Hundred Pupils of the Public Schools, 



THE AMERICAN ORCHESTRA. 



1. 1^. 13AV 



Coi irliit'tor. 



Frcigram 



1. GRAND MARCH 



Ki/tsc/tDHj- 



AMERICAN (^RCHKSIRA 



llViMiN. 



America. 



God bless our native land! 
Firm may she ever stand, 

Through storm and night ; 
When the wild tempests rave. 
Ruler of winds and wave, 
Do Thou our country save 

By Thy great might. 



For her our j^raycr shall ris 
To God, above the skies ; 

On Ilini we wait ! 
Thou Who art ever nigh, 
Guarding with watchful eye, 
To Thee aloud we cry, 

God save the State ! 



I'RAYKR. 



RKV. CKO, \V. 



CHORUS. 



A Welcome to All 



'' '. ;]/. von Wehfr 



The bright, rosy rays of the morning 
Are welcome to earth and to air. 

And blossoms, the meadows adorning. 
The welcome of spring ever share. 

But dear to each heart is the greeting 
Of gentle and loving ones here ; 

And sweet be the voice of our greeting, 
And all that is sad disappear! 

We come with true words uf affection ; 

We greet you with love evermore : 
And bright he each fond recollection 

When memory this hour shall restore ! 

With hearts that arc joyfully bounding. 
As each pleasant face we recall, 

t lur voices are merrily sounding 
A welcome to one and to all. 

A welcome, a thousand kind welcomes to all 
A meeting, a greeting, so fond and so true 
A welcome to all, 



\ ATIONAL OVERTURE 



//-'. Alofirjo Given 



AiMKRlCAN ORCHEMKA, 



f\ ANIHEM. "Sino we Merrily unto God" . . 11. B. Day 

Sing \vc merrily unto God with strength ; make a cheerful noise unto the God 
of Jacob. 

O, clap your hands together, all ye people ! 

O, sins ""to God with a voice of melody; 
For (.}(k1 is King of all the earth. Sing ye praises with understandiiiu 
( > I : Governor, how excellent is Thy name in al! the world! 

licui ins. suice, O God, in my prayer; preserve my life from fear of iliu (:in:iii> 

The Lord Himself is the portion of mine inheritance ; 

IhoLi siialt maintain my lot. The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places — 

yea, I. have a goodly heritage ! He brought me forth into a place of 

liberty, because He had found favor unto me. 
(.> Lord, our Governor, how excellent is Thy name in all the world! 

From all that dwell below the skies 

Let the Creator's praise arise! 

Jehovah's glorious name be sung 

Through every land, by every tongue ! Amen. 



SELECTION FROM "ERNANi 

A.MERICAN ORCHESTRA. 



Verdi 



JORALE 



Mendelssohn 



Now thank we all our God, 
With heart, and hands, and voices, 

Wiio wondrous things hath done, 
In whom His world rejoices ; 

Who from our mother's arms 
Hath bless'd us on our way. 

With uninllcss uifts ,if love. 



Through all our life be near us, 

With ever-joyful hearts, 
A ■! l)lessed peace to cheer us; 



And keep us in His grace, 
And guide us when perplex'd. 

And free us from all ills 
In this world and the next. 

All praise and thanks to God, 
The Father, now be given ; 

The Son, and Him who reigns 
With Them in highest heaven ; 
The One Eternal God, 

Whom earth and heaven adore, 
For thus it was, is now, 
"And shall be evermore. 



OK 'I'HE GNOMES . 

\ .1 I K ICA\ ORCHE.STK A 



I'.ilenbnn: 



LaUjRALI^ . . ■ Martin LiitJu 

A sure stronghold, our God, is lie; a trusty shield and weapon. 
Our help He'll be, and set us free from every ill can hapi)en ; 
A crowd of deadly foes our onward way oppose ; 
Base follies, fears, and cares, and sin doth s]M-ead her snares — 
How shall we flee from clanger? 

Through our own force we nothing can, straight were we lost forever ; 
But for us fights the Proper Man, by God sent to deliver. 
Ask ye who this may be? Christ Jesus named is He, 
Of Sabaoth the Lord: sole God to be adored — 
'T is He must win th- 1 -'•' ' 



ADDR1-:.SS. 



HYMN. "Angel of Peac Keller 

Angel of Peace, thou hast wandered too long I 

Spread thy white wings to the sunshine of love ! 
Come while our voices are blended in song. — 

Fly to our ark like the storm-beaten dove! 

Fly to our ark on the wings of the dove, — 
Sjjeed o'er the far-sounding billows of song. 

Crowned with thine olive-leaf garland of love, — 
Angel of Peace, thou hast waited too long! 

Brothers we meet, on this altar of thine, 

Mingling the gifts we have gathered for thee. 
Sweet with the odors of myrtle and pine, 

Breeze of the prairie, and breath of the sea, — 

Meadow and mountain and forest and sea ! 
Sweet is the fragrance of myrtle and pine, 

Sweeter the incense we offer to thee. 
Brothers once more round this altar of thine! 

Angels of Bethlehem, answer the strain! 

Hark! a new birth-song is filling the sky! 
Loud as the storm-wind that tumbles the main, 

Bid the full breath of the organ reply. 

Let the loud tempest of voices reply, — 
Roll its long surge like the earth-shaking main ! 

Swell the vast song till it mounts to the sky! 
Angels of Bethlehem, echo the strain ! 



13. BENEDICTION. 

REV. CEf). \V. }![CKNKI, 



(|)on^mg ii^e^reis^S. 



(Sratlb iltarcl) Kutschmer. 



AMERICAN ORCHESTRA. 



QVbbrcss of lUclcomc. 

THE CHAIRMAN, COUNCILMAN LAWRENCE J. SMITH. 

Ladies and Gentlemen, and ScJiolars of the Lowell Schools : 

It is my pleasing duty as Chairman of the Committee 
on Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Incorpo- 
ration of the City of Lowell, to welcome you here to-day. 
It has been deemed fitting by the Committee that this 
morning's exercises should be devoted in an especial man- 
ner to the schools of our city, and therefore our pro- 
gram this morning is made up mainly of songs of 
praise, to be rendered by the scholars of our public 
schools. The story of the growth, development, and ma- 
terial prosperity of our beautiful city has been assigned 
to the eloquent orator of the day. The story of the 
establishment and progress of our public schools has been 
placed in most worthy hands. These stories you will have 
the pleasure of listening to, and very little is necessary 
to be said by way of introduction. 



H MORNING EXERCISES. 

That Lowell to-day, upon its fiftieth birthday, is one of 
the most beautiful cities in the world, peopled by a happy, 
industrious, self-respecting, law-abiding community, is a fact 
patent to the world, and we have come here to rejoice 
in our prosperity. And while our present prosperity is 
due in a great measure to the enterprise, the application, 
and the inventive genius of the founders of our beautiful 
city, the school system which they in their wisdom estab- 
lished, and which has been fostered and improved with 
the city's growth, has been a most potent factor. To-day 
we have every reason to be proud of our schools. We 
have the testimony of our retiring superintendent that he 
leaves to his successor (who, I believe, commences his 
duties to-day), " as enthusiastic a corps of teachers as can 
be found in New England, or even in the United States, 
and some of the very best schools in the country." A 
rich legacy has been entrusted to our new superintendent, 
and we know it has fallen into most worthy hands. 

Children of the public schools, the future of our city 
is in your hands. You have tenfold the advantages of 
your grandfathers. Make a wise use of those advantages, 
and many of you will have the happiness of celebrating 
Lowell's glorious centennial. 



§mnn. "America.- 



God bless our native land ! 
Firm may she ever stand, 

Through storm and night ; 
When the wild tempests rave, 
Ruler of winds and wave, 
Do Thou our country save 
By Thy great might. 



MORNING EXERCISES. 15 

For her our prayer shall rise 
To God, above the skies ; 

On Him we wait ; 
Thou Who art ever nigh, 
Guarding with watchful eye, 
To Thee aloud we cry^ 

God save the State ! 



JPiaycr. 



REV. GEO. W. BICKNELL. 



(£l)0tU5. "A Welcome to All" . . CM. von Wcbcr. 

The bright rosy rays of the morning 

Are welcome to earth and to air. 
And blossoms, the meadows adorning. 

The welcome of spring ever share. 

But dear to each heart is the greeting 

Of gentle and loving ones here; 
And sweet be the voice of our greeting, 

And all that is sad disappear ! 

We come with true words of affection; 

We greet you with love evermore ; 
And bright be each fond recollection 

When memory this hour shall restore ! 

With hearts that are joyfully bounding, 

As each pleasant face we recall. 
Our voices are merrily sounding 

A welcome to one and to all. 

A welcome, a thousand kind welcomes to all ! 

A meeting, a greeting, so fond and so true ! 
A welcome to all. 

Sweet welcome It) all 1 



i6 



MORNING EXERCISES. 



National ©uerture 



IV. Alonzo Owen. 



AMERICAN ORCHESTRA. 



'!^ntl)Cni. " Sing we Merrily unto God " . . H. B. Day. 

Sing we merrily unto God with strength ; make a cheerful noise unto 
the God of Jacob. 

O, clap your hands together, all ye people ! 

O, sing unto God with a voice of melody, 
For (iod is King of all the earth. Sing ye praises with understanding. 
O Lord, our Governor, how excellent is Thy name in all the world ! 

Hear my voice, O (iod, in my prayer; preserve my life from fear 
of the enemy. 

The Lord Himself is the portion of mine inheritance ; 

Thou shalt maintain my lot. The lines are fallen unto me in pleas- 
ant places — yea, I have a goodly heritage! He brought me 
forth into a place of liberty; because he had found favor 
unto me. 

O Lord, our Governor, how excellent is Thy name in all the world ! 

From all that dwell below the skies 

Let the Creator's praise arise ! 

Jehovah's glorious name be sung 

Through every land, by every tongue ! Amex. 



Selection. From "Ernani" . . . 

AMERICAN ORCHESTRA. 



Verdi. 



€l)orale 



Mendelssohn. 



No\v thank we all our God, 
With heart, and hand, and voices, 

Who wondrous things hath done, 
In whom His world rejoices ; 



MORNING EXERCISES. I? 

Who from our mother's arms 

Hath bless'd us on our way, 
With countless gifts of love, 

And still is ours to-day. 

Oh, may this bounteous God 
Through all our life be near us. 

With ever-joyful hearts, 
And blessed peace to cheer us ; 
And keep us in His grace, 

And guide us wlien perplex'd. 
And free us from all ills 
In this world and the next. 

All praise and thanks to God, 
The Father, now be given, 

The Son, and Him who reigns 
With Them in highest heaven : 
The One Eternal God, 

Whom earth and heaven adore, 
For thus it was, is now. 
And shall be evermore. 



Patrol of tl)c (Snomcs EUenbi 



AMERICAN ORCHESTRA. 



€^l)OtrilC Martin Luther. 

A SURE stronghold, our God, is He ; a trusty shield and weapon. 
Our help He "11 be, and set us free from every ill can happen ; 
A crowd of deadly foes our onward way oppose, 
Base follies, fears, and cares, and Sin doth spread her snares—- 
How shall we flee from danger? 

Through our own force we nothing can, straight were we lost forever; 
But for us fights the Proper Man, by God sent to deliver. 



MORNING EXERCISES. 

Ask ye who this may be ? Christ Jesus named is He, 
Of Sabaoth the Lord: sole God to be adored — 
'T is He must win the battle ! 



C. C. CHASE, A. M. 

On this anniversary occasion, and before the assembled 
schools of the city, I shall speak historically of Lowell, 
and especially of her public schools. 

On the sixth day of March, 1824, in the private carriage 
of Hon. Kirk Boott, the first agent of the founders of 
the manufacturing, establishments of our city, there came 
to Lowell the Rev. Theodore Edson, then a young clergy- 
man, who had been employed by the directors of the 
Merrimack Company to "preach and perform pastoral duty 
to such persons in their employ as might desire ii." It 
was he who became the founder and father of the school 
system of our city. On the twilight of the evening of 
Saturday, — the day of his arrival, — the carpenters were 
still at work on a new two-story building just erected on 
the lot now occupied by the Green Grammar School-house, 
the upper story of which was a hall, constructed by the 
company for religious worship, the lower story being 
designed for the . first school established by the new man- 
ufacturing colony. On the next day. Sabbath, March 7, 
1824, divine worship was held for the first time in Lowell, 
in the new hall, and the young clergyman preached to a 
crowded and attentive audience. It was not Lowell then, 
but a small village, called East Chelmsford, containing 
about six hundred inhabitants. 

Very different then was the physical aspect of our city 
from that which now greets the stranger's eye. Swamps 
and bogs covered large portions of Market, Tyler, Charles, 



MORNING EXERCISES. I9 

Worthcn, Anne, Kirk, and several other streets ; and at 
the lower end of Market Street was an open pond of 
water. Woods covered a wide area, stretching far in the 
rear of the Green School-house. The reservoir heights in 
Belvidere were also covered with woods. In the rear of 
our post-office rose a considerable swell of land, which 
long ago was leveled down to fill the low marsh which 
then spread out where are now Anne and Kirk Streets 
and the vicinity. A pond filled the present site of our 
High School-house. One of our old citizens, still living, 
says he distinctly remembers the following remark of 
Hon. Luther Lawrence, second mayor of our city, in criti- 
cism of Doctor Bartlett, first mayor of the city, under 
whose administration the High School lot was purchased : 
"What do you think of a man who will locate a High 
School in a pond of water.?" 

The buildings, too, of those early days, may properly 
receive a passing notice. Most conspicuous, probably, were 
the first Merrimack mill and the boarding-houses adjoining. 
Next, on the swell of land behind our post-office, already 
mentioned, rose up the elegant mansion of Kirk Boott, 
with high columns in front and a fine lawn stretching 
down to the Concord River. At the junction of the 
Merrimack and Concord Rivers, where now stand the 
Massachusetts mills, was a hotel called the " Mansion 
House," kept by Capt. Jonathan Tyler, long a well-known 
citizen of Lowell. Over the Concord River, on the spot 
now occupied by the St. John's Hospital, rose conspicuous 
the spacious mansion of Judge Livermore, with its row 
of poplar trees. In the vicinity of St. Patrick's Church, 
east of the North Common, were ranged the low huts of 
the first Irish people of the city, some of which, after 
the fashion of the old country, had walls of mud and 



20 MORNING EXERCISES. 

were covered with slabs, with a barrel for a chimney. 
This settlement was familiarly called "the Acre." There 
were Mixer's Tavern on Central Street, from which the 
stages for Boston started, and Blake's Tavern, on Gorham 
Street, — two rival houses, the adjacent streets being con- 
spicuously placarded, to make sure that the traveler did 
not put up at the wrong house. The stone house at 
the falls, — afterwards the residence of Dr. J. C. Ayer, — 
was then a hotel, and a favorite summer resort of the 
wealthy. Close by Pawtucket Falls, in the rear of the 
mansion of Frederick Ayer, Esq., was an old saw-mill, 
then the sole possessor and occupier of the vast power 
which these falls supplied. Overlooking the bluff, near the 
site of the hospital, was a red school-house, from whose 
windows the pupils looked out upon the rocks of Paw- 
tucket. There was, also, on the Boston road, near the 
corner of Thorndike and Central Streets, another lonely 
building called the old red school-house. Here and there, 
also, were farm-houses, almost all of which have now 
disappeared. 

General Butler, who first came to Lowell when ten 
years old, in 1828, has given us a lively description of 
the straggling and scattered village, when it first burst 
upon his view as he approached the place and stood upon 
Christian Hill, where now is the reservoir in Centralville. 
The General playfully mentions a large, spreading oak 
which stood at Tower's Corner, not far from the Wash- 
ington House, under which, on the first morning after 
his arrival, he found for sale and ate the first oysters 
he had ever seen. 

It is remarkable that almost every structure which I 
have mentioned has been removed, or has forever disap- 
peared from our sight. Kirk Boott's elegant mansion is 



MORNING EXERCISES. 21 

now the hospital on Merrimack Street. Judge Livermore's 
mansion, known so long by many of us as the " old 
yellow house," is now an annex of the St. John's Hos- 
pital. The two-story house on the site of the Green 
School-house, in which Doctor Edson first preached and 
the first Lowell school was kept, is now on the west side 
of Cabot Street, between Merrimack and Salem Streets. 
The Mansion House Hotel, at the junction of the Merri- 
mack and Concord Rivers, now stands on Salem Street, 
just above the residence of Mr. Patrick Dempsey ; and 
the old mill at the falls, and the two old red school- 
houses, and the mud walls of the Irish huts on " the 
Acre," have long since passed away, or have lost their 
former names. 

In giving the history of the Lowell schools, I hardly 
need to mention the old Chelmsford district schools, which 
had been established in the territory which is now the 
City of Lowell ; for they bore only a very remote relation 
to the Lowell schools. They were soon absorbed in the 
school system of the new and enterprising manufacturing 
village. 

The history of the Lowell schools properly begins when, 
in 1826, the first School Committee of the Town of Lowell, 
in addition to the Chelmsford -school districts just men- 
tioned, established two new districts for the especial use 
and benefit of the children of the manufacturing popula- 
tion of the rising village. These districts were known as 
No. I and No. 5. It was in this year (1826) that Lowell 
became an incorporated town. For about two years before 
this, a school had been sustained at the expense of the 
Merrimack Company, under the sole supervision of Doctor 
Edson, in the two-story building already mentioned. For 
the first few summer months the school was taught by 



22 MORNING EXERCISES. 

a lady. The first male teacher was Joel Lewis, a young 
man of much modest worth, who, after the service of 
about one year, entered into the employment of the Locks 
and Canals Company, and was greatly interested in the 
building of Mechanics' Hall. He died at the age of thirty- 
four years. 

The first School Committee (chosen in 1826) consisted 
of some of the first men of the town, and they deserve 
more than the mention of their names. They were: — 

1. Rev. Theodore Edson : a fearless man of iron will, 
who knew the right, and never shrank from standing alone. 
He justly deserves the title of founder and father of the 
school system of Lowell. 

2. Warren Colburn : a graduate of Harvard College and 
afterward a teacher of a select school in Boston, who, 
though called to the important position of Superintendent 
of the Merrimack mills, still remained enthusiastic in the 
cause of education. A part of the labor of preparing the 
three mathematical works, which have made his name 
famous, was performed amidst his arduous duties in the 
service of the Merrimack Company. Doctor Edson, who 
was his intimate friend, affirms that Mr. Colburn's favorite 
science was that of teaching. 

3. Samuel Batchelder: a many-sided man of high literary 
culture, a devotee of science, and above all possessed of 
the highest inventive genius. 

4. Dr. John O. Green : whose venerable presence was 
but recently so familiar to us, a graduate of Harvard, a 
quiet man of sterling worth and of independent thought. 
To Doctor Green I owe a debt of grateful remembrance, 
for he was the Sub-committee of the High School when, in 
1845, I entered upon my duty as princiiaal of that school. 
He was my model School-Committee man. He faithfully 



MORNING EXERCISES. 23 

visited the school every week, and, in the most unob- 
trusive manner, observed its condition, and learned and 
supplied its wants. The teacher and the school had no 
firmer, truer friend. For many years Lowell honored itself 
by placing him upon her School Committee. 

5. Dr. Elisha Huntington, for whom this hall was 
named : a graduate of Dartmouth College, a man of high 
social and literary culture, whose polished and graceful 
bearing, whose kind and affable nature, made him always 
a favorite of the people of Lowell. 

To such men, in her earliest years, did Lowell intrust 
the precious interests of her public schools. 

Let me here, in passing, call your attention to the 
remarkable longevity of these five men — the first School 
Board of Lowell. Mr. Batchelder died at the age of 
ninety-five years. Doctor Edson at the age of nearly eighty- 
nine years. Doctor Green at the age of eighty-six years, 
while Doctor Huntington lived out almost precisely the 
allotted three score years and ten, Mr. Colburn alone 
departing in the midst of his years. 

The Town of Lowell continued the district system of 
schools from its incorporation in 1826, to the year 1832, 
when the graded system now in vogue was, amidst much 
contention and opposition, adopted. I ought, perhaps, to 
say to my younger hearers, that the district system con- 
sisted in having, in each territorial district, one school 
only, which was attended by pupils of every age and of 
every degree of advancement. I might also add, what was 
very often true, that under this system every pupil used 
as text-books such books as he saw fit to bring to school. 
Even in Lowell Doctor Edson tells us that in District 
No. 2, at the Falls, a pupil was sent to school with an 
arithmetic not approved by the School Board, and demanded 



24 MORNING EXERCISES. 

to be taught therein. Upon the refusal of the Board to 
allow this book to be used as a text-book, great offense 
was taken, and a lawsuit was instituted. An action of 
trespass was brought against the teacher, for refusing to 
teach the pupil; but the case never came to trial. This 
old district system was exceedingly defective, and it is 
only to be tolerated where the population is so thin and 
so scattered as to preclude the possibility of establishing 
graded schools like those of the present day in all our 
cities, in which different schools are established for pupils 
of different ages; and the text-books to be used and the 
courses of study are fixed by authority of the school 
board. But the old district school, with all its faults, is 
not to be despised. It was the school of our fathers. 
In it were educated the best and noblest men of America 
— men who have fought for our liberties and founded 
our free institutions. The great defect of these schools 
was an almost absolute want of system and of law. The 
school, from year to year, was simply what the master 
made it. As King Louis XIV said, " / ant tJie state," 
so the district-school master could say: '' I am the school^ 
The ruling power in them was usually the master, but 
sometimes the pupils. In the latter case, it only remained 
for the master to walk out, or to be carried out. I 
myself have seen a master take his hat and leave. The 
Rev. Warren Barton, who wrote the pleasant little book 
entitled "The District School as it Was," tells us of one 
of his masters of the name of Augustus Star. Master 
Star was a hard and cruel man. The boys rose in their 
might and rage and deposed him. They carried him bodily 
to the brow of a hill, whose sloping side was slippery as 
glass from being used by the boys in sliding down hill. 
Without sled or toboggan, the naughty boys shot Master 



MORNING EXERCISES. 2$ 

Star down, down the slippery way, while the wag of the 
school shouted: " T/ieiv goes a shooting star!'' 

Mr. Sherman, formerly Mayor of Lowell, who attended 
the district school which held its sessions for about six 
years in the school-room on the site of the present Green 
School building (as already described), at our High School 
reunion in 1864, gave us some very amusing reminiscences 
of that school. "The time of the teacher," he says, "was 
about equally divided by drilling in Colburn's First Les- 
sons and punishing the boys." One of the punishments 
consisted in sending the offending boys through a trap 
into the dark cellar, to remain till close of school. "We 
always had a good time down there," says Mr. Sherman, 
"the principal fun being see-saws, for which game some 
old planks and the wood-pile afforded us facilities, and so 
being sent into tfie cellar, like being compelled to sit 
among the girls, came to be denominated as capital pun- 
ishment. One day, using the sticks of wood as levers, 
we removed one of the large stones in the wall at the 
rear of the building, and, after that, used to crawl out 
and roam over the woods and swamps, which extended 
westerly from the building up to 'the Acre.' It was an 
unlucky day for us when our master discovered our mode 
of egress — some boys not getting back from the woods 
in season to go up when called at the close of the half- 
day. Among the punishments resorted to, one was to 
require unruly boys to seize a long iron staple, fastened 
to the ceiling for holding up the stovepipe, and hang 
upon it with no other support ; another, to hold out 
heavy books horizontally; another, to stoop down and, \\\\\\ 
the finger, hold down a nail in the floor ; another, to 
have clothes-pins put astride the nose; and another, worst 
of all, to sit upon pointed sticks. Master Bassett, who 



26 MORNING EXERCISES. 

taught the school about three years, had ten or twelve 
of these stools of penitence, and would frequently have 
as many boys out on the floor at a time, bent in a 
sitting posture and balancing themselves upon the sharp 
ends of these sticks. These sticks were cone-shaped and 
about one foot high and three inches square at the 
bottom." 

Those old district-school days, however, were far from 
being days of peace and harmony to the excellent School 
Committee. We, at this day, read with surprise the 
violent opposition made to the introduction into these 
schools of Colburn's First Lessons and other school-books 
prepared or recommended by Warren Colburn. This re- 
markable contest between the School Committee and the 
people I will describe in as few words as possible. The 
Swiss philosopher, Pestalozzi, had recently published to 
the world his new theories of the science of education. 
He taught that the understanding should take the place 
which memory had given ; and- that in giving instruction 
we should proceed from the concrete to the abstract, and 
not, as heretofore, from the abstract to the concrete. I 
can not, perhaps, more clearly give a popular view of 
this question than to propound and solve before you, by 
both the old and Pestalozzian methods, the following simple 
mathematical problem : — 

"If 2 pounds of beef cost 40 cents, what will | of a 
pound cost .'' " 

By the old method we are taught to place the 40 cents 
as the third term, the f pound as the second term, and 
the 2 pounds as the first term ; then to multiply together 
the second and third terms and divide by the first, and, 
presto ! we have the answer. Neither the old arithmetics 
nor the old teachers were wont to give any reason what- 



MORNING EXERCISES. 2/ 

ever, why this trick of Ie<;erdcmain — this old ''Rule of 
Three" — gave the true answer. 

But Pestalozzi would teach us to throw aside all abstract 
rules and appeal directly in the following manner to the 
pupil's understanding: "If 2 pounds of beef cost 40 cents, 
I pound will cost half of 40 cents, i. e. 20 cents. If i 
pound cost 20 cents, ^ of a pound will cost ); of 20 
cents, i. e. 4 cents. If ^ of a pound costs 4 cents, then 
t of a pound will cost 3 times 4 cents, /. e. 12 cents," 
which is the result sought. 

When I was a boy, I studied arithmetic according to 
the old method. I learned the rules and went strictly by 
them, and the answer came out as if by magic. I do 
not recollect that I ever recited a lesson in arithmetic, 
or gave a reason for any of my processes. I well recol- 
lect my surprise and embarrassment when a new master 
asked me the novel question, if I could tell why, in apply- 
ing the " Rttle of Three,'' the product of the last two terms 
divided by the first gave the true result. I was con- 
founded ; and, though I had studied arithmetic several 
winters, I had never thought of its being the province 
of a teacher to ask, or of the pupil to answer, any such 
novel questions. 

The merits of the Pestalozzian theory of instruction are 
now so fully conceded that it is hard for us to believe 
that our fathers so angrily opposed the new philosophy, 
or that they should regard it as impertinent and unjust, 
that a pupil, who had obtained a correct answer by a 
rigid application of an abstract rule, should be called upon 
by the teacher to go beyond the rule and give a reason 
for his process. 

As I have already said, one lawsuit even was instituted 
to avenge the violated honor of the old modes of instruc- 



28 MORNING EXERCISES. 

tion, and it required all the wisdom and forbearance of 
the excellent members of the Lowell School Board to 
reconcile the people to the new methods of instruction. 
Even teachers were sometimes found in the opposition, 
and Mr. Colburn himself sometimes took charge of a class 
in school, in order to exhibit the best method of applying 
the new and improved theory of instruction. So violent 
was the opposition, that when the Committee's report 
recommending the use of Mr. Colburn's books was laid 
before the town meeting, a motion was made and passed, 
that the report be put tuider the table; and then followed 
another motion, that the School Committee be put under the 
table. The moderator, however, refused to put the latter 
motion, as being, perhaps, somewhat too personal. So un- 
willing were our fathers to exchange a system which demanded 
the memory of abstract rules for one which awaked the 
thought and appealed to the understanding of the pupil. 

It is remarkable how little thought our fathers were 
wont to put into their mathematical processes. Professor 
Quimby, of Dartmouth College, has told us of a man 
whom he discovered up in New Hampshire or Vermont, 
who professed the most intense enthusiasm for mathe- 
matical science. The Professor was delighted with his 
discovery. "Surely," thought he, "here was another 
example of the poet's mute, inglorious Milton." But the 
Professor's enthusiasm was somewhat dashed when, on one 
occasion, in discussing some abstract question in mathe- 
matics, his newly-discovered genius remarked that there 
was one thing he could never quite understand, and that 
was why, in addition, we must carry one for every ten. 
"But," added he decidedly, "you've got to do it, or the 
answer won't come out." The friendship of the two 
scholars was short-lived. 



MORNING EXERCISES. 29 

But the great historic conflict in regard to the Lowell 
schools occurred in 1832, when, after trying the district 
system for six years and learning its inadequacy to meet 
the wants of the people, the School Board resolved to 
establish, instead of the six district schools, two large, 
graded schools, completely classified after the manner of 
the graded schools of Boston and Newburyport. To 
accomplish this object required the erection of two large 
school-houses, at the expense of about twenty thousand 
dollars. To this proposition there arose, even among the 
first men of the town, a most determined and violent 
opposition. Mr. Kirk Boott, the most influential citizen 
of the town, protested that the town was already in debt 
and could not afford so great an outlay ; that already 
sufficient and suitable provision had been made in the 
public schools for the poor ; and as for the rich, they 
would never patronize the public schools, but would for 
their children seek better modes of instruction. Hon. 
Luther Lawrence, afterward Mayor ; Hon! John P. Robin- 
son, the most talented lawyer of the town, and other 
leading men, arrayed themselves against the School Board. 
At the town meeting called to take action upon the ex- 
penditure of twenty thousand dollars for erecting two 
large school buildings for graded schools, in a long, pro- 
tracted, and violent discussion. Doctor Edson, single-handed 
and alone, advocated the expenditure and triumphed over 
all opposition by a majority of eleven votes. Almost 
immediately another town meeting was called, in order, 
if possible, to rescind this vote. Lawrence and Robinson, 
both eminent lawyers, appeared in opposition, but there 
was no flinching, and Doctor Edson still triumphed by a 
majority of thirty-eight votes. 

The opposition surrendered ; and the two school build- 



30 MORNING EXERCISES. 



houses, were erected. Such was the inauguration of our 
present system of graded grammar schools. 

It was with evident and justifiable pride that Doctor 
Edson, in his address delivered in 1848 at the opening 
of the Colburn School, records the fact that within thir- 
teen months after this violent contest was ended, upon 
the visit of Henry Clay and Governor Lincoln to Lowell, 
both Mr. Boott and Mr. Lawrence waited upon these dis- 
tinguished men into the South School (now Edson), and 
showed them the schools in very successful operation. 
The Doctor's victory was complete. 

I have but a brief space in closing to devote to the 
history of individual schools. Of the grammar schools, 
the most interesting and best preserved record is that of 
the Edson School. The history of this school reaches 
back almost to the incorporation of Lowell as a town. 
Its name has several times been changed. First it was 
known as the district school of District No. 5, its earli- 
est teacher being Miss Anna W. Hartwell of Littleton, 
whose humble salary was one dollar and ninety-three 
cents per week and board. She was an amiable and 
accomplished lady. Her term of service was short, but 
it was long enough for her to capture the heart of a 
member of the School Board, Hon. J. S. C. Knowlton, 
editor of the Lowell Journal and one of the first citizens 
of the place. Mr, Knowlton subsequently removed to Wor- 
cester, where he became State Senator, Mayor of the 
city, and Sheriff of his county. The second teacher of 
the school was Joshua Merrill, Esq., who for many years 
bore an honorable name as an instructor, and whose ven- 
erable form is still familiar to us. To him I am indebted 



MORNING EXERCISES. 3 1 

mainly for the history of the Edson School. Mr. Merrill 
began to teach on Nov. 5, 1827, in a small house standing 
on Middlesex Street, near the spot on which the Free 
Chapel now stands. He had at first about seventy-five pu- 
pils, on the humble salary of six dollars and twenty-three 
cents per week, out of which he paid his own board. It 
was in truth a day of small things. But Master Merrill 
was a man of the right mettle, and he entered upon his 
work • with enthusiasm and hoped for better things. And 
better things came ; for in 1830 he received the munifi- 
cent salary of three hundred dollars per year, with which 
he was so contented and so happy that he took to himself 
a wife, whom he felt abundantly able to support, and 
who still lives to cheer and bless his declining years. 
Let me again, in passing, speak of the small house in 
which Mr. Merrill first taught. It was originally designed 
and used as the counting room of the Hamilton and 
Appleton Companies. It was the building occupied by 
our High School when it was first opened in December, 
183 1, under the principalship of Thomas . Clark, now 
Bishop of Rhode Island. The building was long since 
removed, and it is now on the south side of Middlesex 
Street, and is the third house west of Howard Street. 
It has been enlarged and raised upon a brick basement 
and divided up into several small tenements. 

In November, 1829, the Edson School, still under 
Master Merrill, took possession of the new school build- 
ing now known as the Free Chapel, and was called the 
Hamilton School, from the part which the Hamilton 
Company bore in sustaining it. The school-room was a 
curiosity. It had been finished under the direction of 
Mr. Beard, a member of the School Board, who in archi- 
tecture at least, was an original genius. The pupils sat 



32 MORNING EXERCISES. 

with their backs towards the teacher. Master Merrill 
was obliged to occupy a sort of high pulpit, for when 
he stood down upon the floor he could barely see the 
heads of the larger pupils rising above the tall desks. 
The benches were sanded, to protect them from being 
cut by the boys, but the rough surface made such havoc 
with the clothes of the children, that the mothers com- 
pelled Mr. Beard to remove the sand and re-paint them. 
The apparatus for heating had this remarkable peculiarity, 
that the aperture through which it was expected that 
the hot air from the furnace would enter the school- 
room, simply conveyed a current of cold air from the 
school-room out into the chimney. After running the 
furnace day and night for some time in vain, a stove 
for burning wood was substituted in its place, and all 
was quiet again. 

Many a fierce battle about text-books, discipline, etc., 
did Master Merrill wage in those troublous times, but he 
was sustained by the School Board, and he firmly held 
his position. He accepted the situation, and when he 
could not do what he would, he cheerfully did what he 
could. When he could not ride, he was contented to 
go afoot. 

On the 23d of February, 1833, the school moved into 
the building now known as the Edson School, where it 
was made a graded school and was first known as the 
South Grammar School, then as the First Grammar 
School, and finally as the Edson School. The latter 
name is surely most appropriate, for this is one of the 
two graded schools for the establishment of which Doctor 
Edson {as I have already related) so persistently and so 
bravely fought. Master Merrill continued the teacher, 
with a salary at first of five hundred dollars, which was 



MORNING EXERCISES. 33 

subsequently from time to time increased. Mr. Merrill 
resigned his position in 1845, '^^'^'^ was succeeded by Mr. 
Perley Balch. In 1870, Mr. Balch was succeeded by 
Mr. Ira Waldron, who, in 1872, was followed by Mr. 
Calvin VV. Burbank. 

The Bartlett School next claims our attention. I have 
already given a brief account of this school in its earliest 
years, when it occupied the two-story building erected by 
the Merrimack Company, on the present site of the Green 
School-house. It was then called the Merrimack School, 
and was first taught for a short time by a lady, who 
was paid by the Merrimack Company, and who was suc- 
ceeded by Mr. Joel Lewis, who, after a service of about 
one year, was succeeded, in 1825, by Mr. Alfred N. Bas- 
sett, from Atkinson, N. H., the teacher of whose peculiar 
modes of punishment Mayor Sherman has given the ac- 
count, which I have just read to you. Mr. Bassett re- 
signed in 1829. His successor, Mr. Walter Abbott, of 
Milford, N. H., taught only one year, and was followed 
by Mr. Reuben Hills, of Hancock, N. H., who was the 
teacher of the school when it was removed into the house 
which it now occupies, in 1833, and became a graded 
school, known as the North Grammar School. Mr. Hills 
resigned in 1835. Mr. Jacob Graves was the principal of 
this school from 1835 ^o 1841, and again from 1843 to 
1847; Mr. G. O. Fairbanks, from 1841 to 1842; Mr. 
O. C. Wright, from 1842 to 1843; Mr. J. P. Fisk, from 
1847 to 1856; and Mr. Saniuel Bement, from 1856 to the 
present time. This school was one of the two graded 
schools for which Doctor Edson fought in 1832, and it 
received the name of Bartlett School, in honor of Dr. 
Elisha Bartlett, the first Mayor of Lowell, — a man of 
such exalted character that I might perhaps call him 



34 MORNING EXERCISES. 

not only the first Mayor of Lowell, but also the first 
citizen of Lowell. 

Our High School was opened in December, 1831, as I 
have already said, under the principalship of Thomas Clark, 
now Episcopal Bishop of Rhode Island, and in the small 
building on Middlesex and Elliott Streets, in which Mr. 
Merrill first taught. Doctor Clark was then only nineteen 
years of age, and the house was so small and the teacher 
so young, that the Bishop once remarked, in this hall, that 
the reasons why he flogged his boys so seldom were — 
first, the house was too small for the operation, and, 
second, he was afraid the boys would turn round and flog 
him ! For a long time the High School lived a very 
nomadic life. We find it first in the lower room of what 
is now the Free Chapel, on Middlesex Street ; next, in 
the upper room of the present Edson School-house ; next, 
in Concert Hall, which was near the site of the store of 
Hosford & Co. ; next, in the present Bartlett School- 
house ; next, in the attic of St. Mary's Church, on Suf- 
folk Street, now used for a parochial school ; next, for a 
second time, in the Free Chapel. Thus, for its first nine 
years, like the ark in the wilderness, it wandered from 
place to place, till at last, in 1840, it pitched its moving 
tent on Kirk and Anne Streets, where for forty-five years 
it has enjoyed a peaceful, quiet home. Its first teacher. 
Bishop Clark, who served from 1831 to 1833, still lives; 
next followed Rev. Dr. Nicholas Hoppin, who served from 
1833 to 1835 — of whose death we have recently heard; — 
next, for a short time, Mr. William W. Hall ; next, Mr. 
Franklin Forbes, from 1835 to 1836, who became agent 
of Lancaster Mills, and died in 1877; next, from 1836 to 
1 841, Mr. Moody Currier, now Governor of New Hamp- 
shire; next, from 1841 to 1842, Mr. Nehemiah Cleveland, 



MORNING EXERCISES. 35 

who devoted his last years to literary pursuits, and died 
at Westport, Conn., in 1877; next, Mr. Forbes a second 
time, until 1845, when my own term of service of thirty- 
eight years began, — a service almost three times as long 
as that of all my predecessors. Mr. F. F. Coburn suc- 
ceeded me in 1883. 

And here I find my allotted time is all exhausted, 
while my theme is but just begun. All of the primary 
and most of the grammar schools must be left unmen- 
tioned. For the last forty years the Lowell school sys- 
tem has been so well established, and so uniform and 
successful in its operation, that a minute history of all 
the schools would be monotonous and dull. The ' be- 
ginnings of institutions, the early clash of opinions, the 
conflict of theories not yet tried and proved — these are 
what afford us lively and interesting history. Well has a 
blessing been pronounced upon the country whose annals 
are dull. Peace and prosperity have few historic charms. 
Turmoil and revolution, wars and convulsions, are what 
give piquancy to history. When all goes well, what is 
there to be said } The record of all the other grammar 
schools is but a transcript of the record of the Edson 
and Bartlett Schools, after the early contentions had 
ceased, and their character was fixed, and they had found 
a peaceful and abiding home. 

To any one, however, who desires to read a complete 
history of all our grammar schools, I have only to say, 
"Is it not recorded in the chronicles of Alfred Oilman, 
Esq., a learned scribe, well skilled in ancient lore } " To 
these faithful, unpublished chronicles, to which the author 
has politely given me access, I refer you all. 

I must also pass over all further mention of my own 



36 MORNING EXERCISES. 

service in the schools of Lowell. It was to me a pleas- 
ant service, and it has left in my heart many delightful 
memories. Still it was quiet and uneventful, and I deem 
it a felicity that there is so little to be said about it. 



f)I)nin. 



Angel of Peace " Keller. 

Angel of Peace, thou hast wandered too long ! 

Spread thy white wings to the sunshine of love ! 
Come while our voices are blended in song, — 

Fly to our ark like the storm-beaten dove ! 

Fly to our ark on the wings of the dove, — 
Speed o'er the far-sounding billows of song, 

Crowned with thine olive-leaf garland of love, — 
Angel of Peace, thou hast waited too long! 

Brothers we meet, on this altar of thine, 

Mingling the gifts we have gathered for thee, 

Sweet with the odors of myrtle and pine. 

Breeze of the prairie, and breath of the sea, — 
Meadow and mountain and forest and sea ! 

Sweet is the fragrance of myrtle and pine, 
Sweeter the incense we offer to thee. 

Brothers once more round this altar of thine ! 

Angels of Bethlehem, answer the strain! 

Hark ! a new birth-song is filling the sky ! — 
Loud as the storm-wind that tumbles the main, 

Bid the full breath of the organ reply, 

Let the loud tempest of voices reply, ^ 
Roll its long surge like the earth-shaking main ! 

Swell the vast song till it mounts to the sky! — 
Ansels of Bethlehem, echo the strain. 



iScncbiction. 



REV. GEO. W. BICKNELL. 



MORNING EXERCISES. 37 

After the morning exercises were brought to a 
close, the invited guests were escorted to the Mer- 
rimac House, where dinner w^as served. 

The interval after dinner was made pleasant by 
the reunion of many who had not looked in each 
others' faces for years, and many were the stories 
of the struggles, the triumphs, and the defeats 
which these meetings drew forth. 



^^,.x.-^H ^mv,,^^^^ 



OK THIi 



(2it^ 0f 




©GDell, 



1836=1886. 



Afternoon Celebration, 



At Huntington Hall, Thursday, April 1, 1886, at 2 o'clock. 



MUSIC BY THE APOLLO QUARTET 



THE AMERICAN ORCHESTRA. 



L. W. HARDY, Director. 



FrugraHa 



1. OVERTURE. "Romantic" Kelcr-Bela 

AMERICAN ORCHESTRA. 

2. ADDRESS. 

HON. JAME.'^ C, ABBOTT, President of the Dny. 

3. PRAYER. 

REV, OWEN STREET, d. d., Chaplain of the Dny. 

4. QUARTET. " Hark, the Meny Drum." 

APOLLO QUARTET. 

5. GAVOTTE. "Charming" Le Thierc 

AMERICAN ORCHESTRA. 

6. SOLO. " Let All Obey " Stephen Leach 

DR. V. R. KIX. 



7. POEM. 

LIEUT. E. \V, THOMPSON. 



8. FANTASIA. "Visions in a Dream " .... Lnmbyt 

AMERICAN ORCHE.STRA. 

9. SOLO. "I Am Waiting." 

DR. W. 1!. RKILLV. 



10. ORAllON. . 

HON. i'RKI)i:kic i'. (;ri;knhai.(;k. 

11. ULARll-:!'. "Old Folks at Home" . . An: by Rix 

APOLLO QUARTET. 

12. waltz'. l^>om "The Black Hussar" . . Millockcr 

AMERICAN ORCHESTRA, 

13. I^KNEDICTION. 

THE CHAPLAIN. 



A SOCIAL LEVEE AND RECEPTION 

In the evening, at half-past s,'7'cn o'clock. 

Ml SIC BV TiiK Am1',kican Okciii:s'jka. 



m 



ernoon 



ereiS^^S. 




T two oclock, Chairman Smith was again 
at his post. His Honor the Mayor, mem- 
bers of the City Government, and invited 
guests were provided with seats on the stage, to- 
gether with the orator, poet, and chaplain of the 
occasion. The followino; were the exercises consti- 
tilting the afternoon program. 



©Dcvturc. 



Romantic " 

AMERICAN ORCHESTRA. 



Kclcr-Bcla. 



3nti*obiutorn ^bbvceie. 

THE CHAIRMAN, COUNCILMAN LAWRENCE J. SMITH. 

Ladies and Gentlemen : 

I\ behalf of the Committee of Arrangement.s I extend 
to all a hearty welcome. We have assembled to do honor 
to and to celebrate as best we can the fiftieth anniversary 
of our city, and to rejoice at our present prosperity; and 
I trust that the entertainment that we have prepared to 
commemorate the event will prove to be entertaining and 



44 AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 

instructive. We have prepared a program that the Com- 
mittee fondly hope will fittingly commemorate the occa- 
sion ; and now, ladies and gentlemen, without any further 
remarks, allow me to introduce His Honor the Mayor, the 
President of the Day. 



HON. JAMES C. ABBOTT, PRESIDENT OF THE DAY. 

Mr. Chairman y and Ladies and Gentlemen : 

In behalf of the City of Lowell I cordially welcome 
you to the celebration of our incorporation as a city. 

In 1836, government by a mayor and council was sub- 
stantially an experiment in Massachusetts. Boston, after 
one hundred and seventy years of agitation of the project, 
had been incorporated as a city in 1822. There were seven 
thousand voters in Boston, and it became impossible, with 
such a body, to do business properly in town meeting ; 
with great reluctance the town government was abandoned, 
and a city charter accepted. The next places to become 
cities were Salem and Lowell, incorporated seven days 
apart in 1836. 

The old New-England town government was, and is, the 
most successful and the purest form of democracy the 
world has ever seen. From the Mayflower down to 
the present time that sort of government has been dear 
to Massachusetts people. They believed, for years, in the 
equal and thorough distribution of authority and responsi- 
bility in both Church and State. Everybody was to have 
the right to participate in the administration of both, and 
everybody had a duty which he was bound to perform for 
both. In order to enjoy, with certainty, that right, and 
tfl discharge effectively that duty, they thought it nee- 



AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 45 

essary that every voter should have a cUreet voice in the 
management of local affairs. Most of the people in the 
old Commonwealth in 1820 believed very much in two 
things: congregational government and the "town meeting." 
The minority, who believed in episcopacy in church matters, 
were fervent supporters, nevertheless, of town meetings ; 
so the new city charters were regarded by many as un- 
necessary. 

After fifty years of trial, it is safe to say that the 
management of municipal affairs by a mayor and council 
as representatives of the people — who elect them, so far 
as Lowell is concerned — has been a successful experiment. 
As a matter of fact, at the present time, there is a ten- 
dency to concentrate, still further, power and responsibility 
in city matters. The mayors of New York, Brooklyn, and 
Boston have been invested with authority, compared with 
which that delegated to Boston's first mayor was a shadow. 
The defects of municipal government in cities, which does 
not exist in the towns, are not due to the form of gov- 
ernment, but to the density and extent of the population. 
It needs no discussion to demonstrate this. Every thing 
that is done by the City Council of Lowell is done in 
the full light of the abundant publication and criticism of 
the local newspapers, issued every working day in the 
year. Nothing can be done in a corner ; nothing can be 
hid. In twenty-four hours after a meeting of the City 
Council, every act is known and approved or condemned 
by sixty-five thousand people. As long as a majority of 
the voters want honest and wise measures at the city 
hall there will be nothing else. When the majority want 
any thing else, no form of local government, depending 
on the will of the majority, will save us from ruin. 

During these fifty years, as a city, we have prospered. 



46 AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 

That prosperity has not been without an occasional check. 
Lowell has, at times, with the rest of the country, suf- 
fered "depression." We have had our years of plenty, but 
no years of famine; only years of diminished abundance. 
Within the memory of men before me, who are not old, . 
the stocks of our great manufactories were held entirely 
outside of Lowell. The real employers of our people were, 
almost exclusively, absentees. I mention this not by way 
of complaint. The founders and owners of these mills 
were our benefactors ; the wages paid by them have been 
the life-blood of our city. To-day it is true and gratifying, 
that a large and respectable interest in the Lowell mills 
is held in Lowell. I need not call the roll of successful 
business men, of thrifty manufacturers, whom we have all 
known. What considerable failure has there been among 
them all .'^ What dishonored names do you remember.-' 
Think over the list of our tradesmen, our merchants, our 
master mechanics, contractors, owners of shops and manu- 
factories, and all those employers of labor outside of the 
original, great incorporated companies, and tell me, has 
not their word been as good as their bond ? Compare 
Lowell, in business matters, with other cities of America, 
I care not whether they are greater in population or less : 
Go where you will in the broad land, you may find 
some richer places, but you will find, in the fulfilment 
of business promises and the payment of business obliga- 
tions, no place with a fairer record than plain, old-fash- 
ioned Lowell. Consider the great mass of our people : 
Where in the wide world, for so many years, have so 
many wage-workers lived in health, in thrift, in virtue 
and happiness, and, withal, in peace and harmony with 
their employers, as right here in Lowell .'' 

I need not remind you of the enormous aggregate sums 



AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 47 

deposited by our people in the savings banks ; I need not 
describe to you the dwellmgs in which you live ; I need 
not allude to the luxuries so many of you enjoy, nor to 
the comforts you all possess ; you have indeed prospered, 
and, after fifty years of labor, there is wealth in Lowell, 
and wealth honest and well distributed. 

In every department, maintained for the public comfort, 
the public health, the public safety, and the public edu- 
cation, Lowell has done that of which she may well be 
proud. Property is protected by a police force and a fire 
department second to none. There is no purer water for 
domestic use supplied to any city in the United States. 
Our schools, and the jewel of popular education, have 
been guarded as the foundation of the free government 
which our fathers created, and which we will ever main- 
tain. For our charitable institutions, private as well as 
public, we need not blush even in this humane and benev- 
olent age. 

These are our victories " of peace," no less renowned 
than those of war ; and, besides, Lowell has a heroic 
history, to which, on this occasion, we may turn with 
mingled sadness, exultation, and patriotic pride. Almost 
in the middle of the last half - century, twenty-five years 
ago this month, in the great war for national unity, the 
first volunteer major-general and the first volunteer soldiers 
on the Union side marched from Lowell. From the veins 
of these soldiers the first blood was drawn. Throughout 
all that civil war,, so deplorable in itself, and so glorious 
in its results, there was no city or town in the North 
more prodigal of its best and bravest blood than was 
Lowell. One seventh of our population, at that time, was 
in the field and on the sea. Your contribution to national 
unity and permanence was costly ; it was munificent. 



48 AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 

In 1830 the population of Boston was less than that 
of Lowell to-day, and its entire property valuation was 
just about the same as ours to-day. Should Lowell ex- 
pand, develop, and improve for another half- century, in 
the ratio and proportion of the past, how mighty a city, 
with its suburbs, will fill this valley and the region round- 
about ! But what the future has to unfold, belongs to the 
department of the imagination, — to the orator and the poet. 

I congratulate you, fellow-citizens, on the arrival of this 
anniversary. I welcome you and our invited guests to 
the exercises of this day. 



IPvaL^er. 



REV. OWEN STREET, D. D., CHAPLAIN OF THE DAY. 

Great and eternal God, the Author and Upholder of the 
vast universe, who hast in Thine hand the affairs of 
worlds and all their inhabitants, we adore Thee to-day as 
the Sovereign Ruler of this world and of the nations of 
the earth, to which Thou hast appointed their place upon 
the chart of time, and their boundaries of river, and 
mountain, and sea, with their fertile plains, and valleys, 
and hillsides ; their varied industries and their cities ; 
their rulers, their judges, their senates, their seats of 
learning, their churches, and their schools ; their families 
and their individual citizens. We worship Thee as ever 
the same, while change after change marks the course of 
human affairs and our generations come and pass away. 
We give Thee our praise to-day as the gracious Founder 
and Preserver of our nation, the God of our fathers, 
whose kind hand of providence carried them, and has 
carried us, safely through the revolutions and dangers of 
the past. We adore Thee as the keeper of our cities, 



AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 49 

without whom the watchman watcheth in vain. Wc praise 
Thee that Thou didst call into existence this fair city of 
ours ; that Thou didst plant it upon its strong foundations 
between the rivers; that Thou hast poured down from the 
clouds the waters that have flowed through these channels, 
and given their mighty strength and service to human 
industry through all these fifty years which we here to- 
day review. We praise Thee for the ability, the energy, 
the wisdom, and public spirit of the men whom Thou 
didst so graciously endow to lay these foundations and 
to build thereon. We praise Thee for these institutions, 
begun by them and put to the proof in succeeding years, 
so that we are able to look upon them as our goodly 
heritage. We praise Thee that Thou hast during these 
years given us so many who were competent to succeed 
to these trusts, and who have proved themselves faithful 
and true, and have brought forward into our hands so 
much that is rich in promise for the present and the future. 
And now, upon this day of our half-century celebra- 
tion, we offer our earnest prayer to Thee, the God of 
our fathers, for the complete and large fulfilment of the 
promises that we are permitted to read in all that Thou 
hast hitherto done for us. Graciously continue to bless 
us in our rulers. Let Thy favor abound to Thy servant, 
the Mayor of this city. May all his highest and best 
aspirations for the good of the people, for the prosperity 
of our institutions, for the growth of our intelligence and 
virtue, win the smile of heaven, and hasten on to their ac- 
complishment. Endow with Thy wisdom those who are 
associated with him in the government of the city, that 
they may be enabled to strike out better and still better 
plans for the conservation of all that is good and the 
sui)prc.ssion of all that is bad. Bless us in and through 



50 AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 

the faithful guardianship of the police of our city, and 
our courts, — especially the tribunal that is nearest to our 
city life, — that the humane and just intent of the law- 
may not fail ; that crime may receive its due, and the 
lives and welfare of our families and citizens may be 
protected. Graciously endow with wisdom, and prudence, 
and discretion the guardians of our public system of edu- 
cation, and the teachers appointed by them, that our 
schools may do the best that can be done through them 
for the young. May our churches, of every name, and 
their pastors, be divinely led, that they may lead the 
people into all truth and righteousness ; that through them 
the Sabbath may be kept from profanation and become 
more and more a blessing to our city. May our great 
enterprises of industry be prospered and deserve and hold 
the confidence and best wishes of those who are employed 
by them. May our merchants be prospered in a growing 
traffic, that shall illustrate more and more the principles 
of even-handed virtue and the great law of righteous 
interchange that should rule among a Christian people. 
May labor in every useful department become more re- 
munerative, and the homes of those who labor more con- 
tented and happy. May health abound in our city, and 
the voice of innocent mirth, and joy, and gladness be 
heard in all our dwellings. May immoralities of every 
form and every grade be discountenanced, and that right- 
eousness which exalteth a nation be the stability of our 
time. 

May the cities of our Commonwealth advance steadily 
in all that is good, and our nation go on to fulfil a 
destiny that shall be full of blessing to the world. May 
the governors and rulers of our States, the President of 
our nation, and all that are in authority, be strengthened 



AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 51 

for all that is good and prospered in their efforts to 
promote the welfare of the people. 

And thus, through all our cities and towns, our States 
and Territories, and by means of our enterprises by sea 
and land, and the influence of our citizens throughout the 
world, the good time be brought on apace when mankind 
shall seem, and shall be, one common brotherhood — the 
faithful sons and daughters of our own common Father 
and God. 

And unto Him that is able to do for us all that we 
ask, and far above and beyond all that we ask or think, 
— unto the only wise God, our Creator and our Redeemer, 
with the ever-blessed Spirit, be praise throughout all ages, 
world without end. Amen. 



QHuartCt "Hark, the Merry drum." 

APOLLO QUARTET: F. R. Rix, W. B. Reilly, Philias David, Jr., C. E. Mitchell. 



CSai^Otte. "Charming" Le Thicre. 

AMERICAN ORCHESTRA. 



Solo. "Let All Obey" Stephen Leach. 



DR. F. R. RIX. 



Poem. 



" The Song of the Loom." 
lieut. e. w. thompson. 

On sprays of birches the pearls of rain 

Gather, and fall, and gather again, 

To mingle at last in the silver ri'ls 

That sing on the breasts of the granite liill.- 



52 AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 

Sing of the springs that bubble and flow; 

Sing of the crystals of mountain snow; 

Sing of the cloud that crowns the height 

When the overflow of the sunset hght 

On the dark of the nimbus paints the bow 

Of the meteor arch in prismy glow. 

In ieons past the song was sung, 

Ere man had birth and the world was young. 

From the mountain side to the ocean sand, 

In a rhythm tuned by the Master's hand, 

The song of Nature was sung alone, 

By a chorus of pearls to art unknown. 

The northern springs are as clear to-day, 

The rain-drops shine with as pure a ray. 

And the crystal snow gleams white as when 

First they shone on the eyes of men. 

But the river that bears to the far-off sea 

The liquid pearls from the treasury 

Of the " Lake of Isles," is held in thrall 

By the art of man to rise and fall; 

While its music dies in the wheel-pit's gloom, 

And the song is drowned in the song of the loom. 



Flying, flying, to and fro. 

Backward and forward my shuttles go. 
Thrice in a second within the shed 
Of the warp is laid the filling thread. 
To the beating reed the heddles sing. 
And the iron frames in chorus ring. 
Warp and weft; while round and round 
The turning beam the web is wound. 
In triumph strain, in a march that plays 
Through the ringing clamor of ringing days, 
While captive Nature turns the wheel, 
The notes are struck on chords of steel. 
And this is the song of the busy room, 
" The triumph of art is tlie fruit of the loom. 



AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 53 

Flying, flying, to and fro, 

Backward and forward my shuttles go. 

Scarcely threescore years have flown. 

But a town has flourished, a city grown, 

Since first the pearls of the northern hills 

Sped my song in the echoing mills. 

Now to the strength of the captive stream 

Is added the giant arm of steam. 

Higher and higher the strain has soared, 

Wealth in the lap of Art has poured, 

Law, and order, and learning meet. 

Business throbs in the busy street. 

Rise homes of comfort and spires that tell 

The temples of worship. All is well. 

Flying, flying, to and fro, 

Backward and forward my shuttles go. 
" Dwell in the lay," O shuttle mine ! 
Pause one beat in the cadenced line ! 
There were days when my song was still. 
Days of dread, when each silent mill 
Stared from its windows and only saw 
The fear and sorrow born of war ; 
5aw men who had walked their busy floors 
Marching away from their clos-ed doors. 
With stern, set faces, to join the strife, 
To battle and die for the Nation's life. 
To write on the future yet to be — 
" Labor is loyal, it shall be free." 

Flying, flying, to and fro. 

Backward and forward my shuttles go. 
Fifty years my song I have sung 
Since the natal bells of the city rung. 
And that song to-day is a song of pride, 
For in every land, on the ocean wide, 
Its name is known ; in every mart 
Is stored the product of its art; 



54 AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 

And where the record of men you find 

Who have served their country and their kind, 

With sword or pen, with voice and heart, 

Lowell has there an honored part. 

By busy mills that sing and sing, 

By engine-stroke and anvil's ring, 

It has writ in fabric, and steel, and wood — 

" Art is the handmaid of human good." 



JF(int(tSt(t. "Visions in a Dream" .... Limibye. 



AMERICAN ORCHESTRA. 



Solo. " I Am Waiting." 



DR. W. B. REILLY. 



©ration. 

HON. FREDERIC T. GREENHALGE. 

Mr. Mayor, Friends, and Fellow-Citiscns : 

As I enter upon the honorable duty assigned me by 
your courtesy and partiality, I am impressed by a pro- 
found sense of how much of whatever tends to give 
comfort and inspiration to life I owe to the City of 
Lowell, — its institutions and its influences; — and I rejoice 
that this occasion affords me an opportunity of offering 
humbly and fervently a tribute of earnest gratitude to 
the city of my affections, my memories, and my hopes. 

As I have said, the duty I am to perform is an hon- 
orable one; it is to me something more — it is a duty 
welcome, agreeable, and full of interest, because it requires 
me to review — cursorily, it is true — a cycle of municipal 
history marked by a development and a prosperity little 
short of marvelous. 



AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 55 

A wise physician, who was still in the freshness of 
manhood, but who had learned how uncertain human life 
was, and what perils and vicissitudes it must encounter, 
and through what wonderful experiences it must pass every 
moment, stated his age in these words : " For my life, it 
is a miracle of thirty years." How much greater a mir- 
acle we are called upon to contemplate to-day — a half- 
century of the life of a great community, comprehending 
thousands and tens of thousands of individual lives, with 
all their countless experiences ! And at the outset, how 
strange and mysterious seems the transition by which, in 
little more than fifty years, a rude Indian fishing village, 
maintaining a precarious existence by the scanty means 
possessed by a barbarous people, has given place to a 
community considerable in numbers, progressive, thriving, 
and intelligent ; controlled by morality, inspired by religion, 
and rejoicing in all the "glorious gains" of learning and 
art ! The wigwam of the savage, the type of one epoch, 
has vanished ; the type of another epoch rises before us 
in all the beauty of proportion, combining strength, sym- 
metry, and airy grace, — the great Merrimack chimney, — 
illustrating no bloody conquest, no freak of art, but, as 
it towers above and yet aids constantly the toiling city 
at its base, proclaiming by day and night, to the morning 
and the evening, a truth charged with more of blessing 
to humanity, to you and to me, than the tower of Pisa, 
or the column of Trajan. And what mighty force, or 
what gracious power, brought about this wonderful change? 
It was industry ; yes, industry throned at the confluence 
of our shining rivers, that, with Christ-like touch, trans- 
muted the water of barbaric life into the wine of civili- 
zation and progress. 

And the community whose history we are contemplating 



56 AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 

is one of no ordinary character ; and at the beginning it 
entered upon a daring experiment. The building of the 
first factory in Lowell was an event of more than local 
importance. That event was a revelation to America, a 
revelation to the world. It was a declaration of industrial 
independence scarcely less momentous in its results than 
the declaration of political independence in 1776. I know 
that the preliminary draft of this declaration was made 
at Waltham, but it was here in Lowell that the principles 
of the declaration were adopted, put in action, and 
published to the world. In the glimmering dawn of 
Lowell's history could be seen the promise of a pros- 
perity which would soon diffuse its warmth and radiance 
over the whole country. In the founding of Lowell was 
involved the founding of many other manufacturing com- 
munities, based upon the intelligent and philosophic plan 
adopted here ; and even in our earliest day, it needed no 
prophet's eye to look into the future and to see the airy 
circlet, jeweled with prosperous cities, which would soon 
crown the stern forehead of New England. 

As we look at the great fact which we call Lowell, 
and mark the influences radiating from it, the results, 
direct and indirect, of its establishment, we are impelled 
to trace back the stream of events to its source ; to 
analyze this progress and prosperity, and discover its 
original elements ; to find the far-away solitary springs of 
thought and action, the results of which are spread before 
us now. I am told that among all the treasures of art 
and beauty in Florence, the works of sculptor and painter, 
the marvels of palace and church, the images of states- 
man, captain, and saint, there is one grand figure in the 
sacristy of San Lorenzo which more than all else awes 
and impresses the beholder. It is the work of Michael 



AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 57 

Angelo, and perpetuates not so much the life or memory 
of any mortal man, as the ideal character born of the 
kingly genius of the sculptor. It is known as "The 
Thinker," and by its attitude and expression seems to be 
the material representation of profound repose; but in that 
profound repose we know there glows the undying flame of 
thought ; we know and feel that, as from the quiet depths 
of the lake the sword of Arthur suddenly flashed, so, from 
the quiet depths of this repose, action may at any moment 
flash to smite or to deliver the world. It is to this silent 
figure that the reflective mind refers all the greatness, all 
the power, and all the achievements of Florence. You 
remember that some years ago the philosopher, Buckle, 
startled the world by declaring that the number of mar- 
riages was regulated, not by affection, not by sentiment, 
but by the price of flour ; and a long array of statistics 
seemed to prove the truth of the assertion. But it must 
be remembered, on the other hand, that nothing happens 
in the world of thought which does not, sooner or later, 
affect the price of flour — that is to say, a new reaping- 
machine, a new song, or a new political theory, is a force 
which soon makes itself felt in the ordinary, every-day 
life of every one of us. And so, for the beginning of 
Lowell, for the original creative force, we must look to 
the solitary chamber of the thinker, where we see him 
seated in the very attitude of the sculptor's thinker, ab- 
sorbed in studying the complicated machinery of the 
power-loom and the comfort and development of the more 
complicated machinery of humanity. 

If it was wise to stock a factory with the best inani- 
mate machinery, Francis Cabot Lowell thought it wise to 
obtain the best human machinery, too. The welfare of 
the operative, mental, moral, and physical, was as im- 
4 



5o AFTERNOON EXERCISES, 

portant in any wise man's scheme of a factory as the 
ten thousand horse-power of the river. The factory system, 
as then established in this country and in England, was 
execrable. This was twenty years before Shaftesbury had 
led public opinion in England to the coal-pit and the 
factory, and showed how stunted and deformed, how feeble 
and helpless, how ignorant and depraved, men, women, 
and children had become under the cruel system followed 
by selfish employers. The factory system was looked on 
as accursed, and if the daughters of New England were 
to run the looms in the new enterprise, a very different 
system must be adopted. And so the great plan was 
formulated ; the neat, well-kept boarding house, with pleas- 
ant, home-like habits and restrictions, was established ; the 
church, the library, and the lecture-room followed; and 
religion, culture, and refinement lent their sweet influences 
to the life of toil. A new doctrine was proclaimed : the 
welfare of the employed was a necessary factor to the 
success of the employer, just as the welfare of the em- 
ployer was necessary to the success of the employed. 
They were one in interest, one in the loss, and one in the 
gain ; one in prosperity and in adversity. Milton tells us 
of a music so divine that it "would create a soul under 
the ribs of death." Lowell discovered and applied a prin- 
ciple that created a soul under the ribs of political 
economy. 

The life of this man, counted by years, was short ; by 
results, an eternity. His foot never trod the streets of 
our city, yet the men whose hearts caught fire from 
his thought, decided that the Manchester of America 
should be his monument ; but it is not so much a monu- 
ment to the illustrious dead as it is the active and living 
creation of the living thought which warmed the soul of 



AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 59 

the founder. His life, I say, might seem to reach to 
eternity ; for from that seemingly brief life, as from the 
fabled statue of Memnon, every sun that rises evokes 
a melody which cheers and lightens the daily toil of 
thousands. 

But the glowing thought was yet to be taken and beaten 
and fashioned into action, and there were apt, skilful, and 
heroic workers ready for this important task. Here come 
into play the mighty and indefatigable forces of Patrick 
Tracy Jackson, a man who seems to have had infinite 
resources, indomitable courage, and exhaustless patience ; 
whose genius, restless and tireless, never hesitated and 
never allowed itself to be baffled ; a man great indeed in 
prosperity, but in adversity rising to colossal proportions. 
His powerful and original mind has stamped itself indeli- 
bly upon the economy of our industrial life. Not content 
with the Herculean task of building this city of ours, he 
surveyed and controlled the building of others. His eagle- 
eye looked across the Atlantic, kept keen watch on the 
experiment of George Stephenson, and no sooner had the 
success of the railroad between Manchester and Liverpool 
been assured, than Jackson had a charter in his hand 
and was at work building the railroad from Lowell to 
Boston. 

Close behind Jackson appears another figure, — the com- 
manding figure of Kirk Boott, — the incarnation of execu- 
tive ability. As this man dashes through the early history 
of Lowell, there is a rush as of charging squadrons : the 
clank of saber, the jingle of spurs, and over all the tumult 
rings the sharp word of command, "Forward!" Lowell 
heard the word and obeyed, and that glorious command 
has been ringing in our ears ever since this great captain 
of industry uttered it to his peaceful battalions. I trust 



6o AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 

the command has been obeyed even in this last half- 
century. 

Lowell, Jackson, Boott, — these are the colossal figures 
of our history belonging to our heroic age, as Theseus, 
Hercules, and Jason belong to the heroic age of Greece. 

And what a remarkable group of workers those were 
who first stood by the looms of Lowell ! Never before 
in the history of mankind were such dignity, such grace, 
given to labor. True manhood and true womanhood then 
and there accepted, not merely with resignation, but with 
courage, cheerfulness, and hope, the burden and the destiny 
of the human race. These true men and true women 
have passed away, a new order of things has been es- 
tablished ; but the glory which their lives gave to the 
morning of Lowell will, through every change, through 
doubt and adversity, through darkness and fear, still con- 
sole and encourage their descendants and successors to 
the "last syllable of recorded time." 

With such thinkers, with such controlling minds, and 
with such workers, it is not surprising that marvelous 
results were accomplished. Has the quality of the work 
been kept up to the standard ? Let us see. We are to 
deal especially with the half-century beginning in 1836 
and ending at this moment of time, when you are all 
gathered together here to examine the record. There can 
be no question, that even in that space of time there 
has been a great increase in material prosperity. The 
development has been thorough, harmonious, healthy, and 
symmetrical. When industry erected a factory, education 
and religion planted a school-house and a church. Let 
us glance at a few figures. There is a beauty even in 
figures, an aesthetic aspect to statistics, as there is to 
every thing else under the sun. When, on the first 



AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 6 1 

day of April, 1836, His Excellency, Governor Everett, 
subscribed his name to the legislative act which gave us 
municipal life, there were in the limits of the new city 
seventeen thousand six hundred and thirty-three people ; 
to-day, in a period of great business depression, we have 
in our city, at the lowest estimate, sixty-five thousand souls. 
The taxable property of Lowell in 1836 was five million 
two hundred and forty-eight thousand six hundred and twen- 
ty-three dollars ; it is now fifty-one million three hundred 
and eight thousand three hundred and thirty-five dollars. 
Then, forty million yards of cloth were made here annu- 
ally ; now there are upwards of two hundred and fifty 
million yards. There are four thousand seven hundred and 
seventy-six owners of taxable real estate, so that about 
one to fourteen, including men, women, and children, — 
and we must not forget that we have eleven thousand 
school-children, — is the ratio of distribution of real estate 
in our city. It is true that sixty-five corporations are 
among these holders of real estate ; but it is also true 
that every stockholder in a corporation may, in a certain 
sense, be considered a proprietor of real estate. In our 
savings banks we have twelve million three hundred and 
eleven thousand dollars, owned by thirty-six thousand five 
hundred and twenty depositors ; an average of three 
hundred and forty dollars to each depositor. We have 
upwards of fifty thousand volumes, good, bad, and indifferent, 
in our libraries ; and as for our societies, organized to 
promote learning, charity, art, social culture, and enjoy- 
ment, and every good thing under the sun, their name 
is Legion. 

Now, when Lowell began, the population may be de- 
scribed as homogeneous ; they belonged to one race, with 
the same mode of living, the same habits of thought, the 



62 AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 

same religion, and the same patriotic past and future. 
This state of things, it is perhaps unnecessary to say, 
has been changed. Exiles from many lands have sought 
here a larger liberty, and a wider opportunity for securing 
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Now, as my 
illustrious predecessor, who stood here ten years ago, 
pointed out, there were great fears about the flood of 
immigration which poured in upon Lowell. Those fears 
have proved groundless. You have seen that wonderful 
work of engineering — that Cylopean wall of Francis' — 
separating the river and the canal, which most of us 
know familiarly as the "Canal Walk": a curve of beauty 
and strength, repressing on one side the wild torrents of 
the Merrimack, and on the other, guarding and distribut- 
ing, as industry requires, the orderly, placid, and effective 
elements of strength, drawn from the same rushing river. 
In the same way, the wise policy of the makers of Lowell, 
not discouraging, but controlling, the tide of immigration, 
drew from it the elements of strength, order, and progress, 
and made those elements a part of the people, and gave 
to that part a share of the common prosperity. 

Of course our population became cosmopolitan ; it rep- 
resented many races — every part of the British Isles, of 
Canadian France, and the British Provinces ; unified Ger- 
many, free Sweden, and free Italy, and even more remote 
countries — all were and are represented among our people. 

There were gloomy prophets, who foresaw the extinction 
of the ancient and original type. The New-England race 
was to die out, or be lost sight of in the whelming tide 
of new-comers. To what a thin line it had been reduced 
already! Yes, but remember that it was the thin line of 
an unconquerable army, which might narrow, but could 
never recoil; of which history must write: "It never dies, 



AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 63 

and it never surrenders ! " Look throuj^h two centuries 
and a half and observe the little band appointed to re- 
claim a continent and give new beauty to freedom. 
Foremost is Miles Standish, the standard-bearer of an 
indomitable race, planted upon the Rock of Plymouth, and 
facing, with unquailing eye, the wilderness, the storm, and 
the future. There is the standard I The countless voices 
of those who have found protection, liberty, and justice 
under its folds assure us that there is no blemish, no 
stain, upon the standard yet. And I say to all, — to those 
born beneath it and to those who have come from afar 
to seek its shelter, — There is the standard! Make it 
more glorious, if you can, but never suffer it, by any 
deed, or word, or thought of yours, to be tarnished. 
Bring to the land where it flies the best your nationality 
has. To one, I say, give us a ray from the wisdom of 
Grattan, a flash from the patriotic fire of Emmet. To 
another, come to us glowing with the devotion of La 
Salle ; speak to us as if you had communed with the soul 
of Montcalm. Let the spirit of Garibaldi inspire your 
every action. Let your loyalty and honor be as stainless 
as the sword of the great Marquis ; your purpose as high 
as the heart of Hampden. And if you loiter, my Swedish 
friend, the trumpet-voice of Gustavus shall impel you to 
the front! In this way these different elements can be 
harmoniously blended with the ancient and abiding type, 
to form a splendid composite character made up of every 
nation's best. 

But new Lowell, as we may term it, has actually been 
put to the test, with a result which would gladden the 
soul of Captain Standish. Midway in our half-century, — 
almost precisely twenty-five years ago, — a great national 
crisis arose. Men's minds were at white heat. The 



64 AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 

irrepressible conflict was to be settled by wager of battle. 
North and South had been moving on to the decisive 
point. Then, for a moment, suspense fell upon the 
country. There was a lull, a stillness, that was not peace. 
The people of Lowell pursued their quiet industry appar- 
ently as usual : the bells rang, the looms hummed, and 
the rush of Pawtucket over its rocky bed was heard in 
the quiet night. But a deep anxiety prevailed in Lowell, 
as everywhere else ; some great event seemed to be brood- 
ing in the air. And Lowell must be on the alert ; she had 
a reputation to make. Concord and Lexington might 
dream in the shadow of their monuments, and if any 
ominous sound was heard, they might fancy it was but 
the midnight march of Pitcairn echoing through their 
dreams. But the quick ear of Lowell at length caught a 
sound, faint and far-off, but appalling. Above the sound 
of bell and loom, and the rush of Pawtucket, was heard 
the footstep of Rebellion, — Rebellion rising to stupendous 
proportions, — vast, and dark, and terrible, as Milton's 
fiend. In this very hall, where you are gathered now, 
the men of Lowell assembled to bid farewell to kindred 
and friend before rushing into the wild and bloody tumult 
which awaited them. That hurried march of theirs proved 
that the loyal men of America were ready for the con- 
flict ; and when the sun set on that day of Baltimore, 
and the blood of Ladd and Whitney cried to Heaven 
from her stony streets, loyal America heard the appeal ; 
the drum-beats of the gathering North were heard on 
every side, and when the next day dawned, a hundred 
thousand avenging bayonets glistened in the morning sun ! 
From Baltimore to Appomattox the honor of Lowell was 
upheld, not only by the great leader, whose daring and 
resolute genius first declared to a hesitating nation the in- 



AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 6$ 

flexible principles on which alone the war with the rebellion 
could be brought to a successful issue, and who convinced 
the world that whatever else it might mean, the name 
of Butler never stood for half-way measures, or a dubious 
policy — not only by him, I say, but by thousands of brave 
and true men who, following the colors of one regiment 
or another, represented Lowell in almost every conflict 
from Gettysburg to the Gulf, and old Lowell and new 
Lowell clasped hands in the hour of national peril. 

I do not intend to present here any detailed history of 
Lowell, to narrate events in their order, or to give bio- 
graphical sketches of men prominent in our municipal life. 
This work was done so fully and so clearly by the dis- 
tinguished man who stood ten years ago where I stand 
now, that I could only follow in his footsteps, as to a 
great extent I must do now, without the advantage of 
that personal knowledge which gave authority and charac- 
ter to his testimony. It only remained for me to com- 
ment on a few of the great events of our history, — to 
note as far as possible the permanent features and the 
chief characteristics of our community. 

We have had a strong progressive element, eager-eyed, 
fresh-hearted, watching for a new idea as men watch for 
the sunrise, making progress themselves and profiting by 
the progress of others, ever among the foremost who 
delight in 

"The march of mind, 
In the steamship, in the raihvay, in the thoughts that shake mankind." 

One bold spirit projected and built a railroad ; another 
constructed a canal, seized in his strong grasp a careless, 
idle river, and made it the servant of industry ; and 
another, after converting a barren hillside into a garden 



66 AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 

blossoming with graceful households, with one hand assisted 
in planting the city of Lawrence, and with the other 
helped to subdue and draw down for our service the free 
waters of Winnipiseogee. And there were a host of 
others, who, in every line of human action, were always 
to be found in the advance column ; and the names of 
Nesmith, Livingston, and Whipple were written on the 
later era of Lowell, as the names of Lowell, Jackson, and 
Boott upon the former era. 

And we have had, too, a notable conservative element 
here, cautious, sagacious men, who loved the past and 
eyed the future with suspicion, looking upon all change 
as dangerous. This element is not without value to a 
community. It regulates, though it can not prevent, pro- 
gress. The system of public schools, the construction of 
sewers, the introduction of city water, the fire-alarm tele- 
graph, military drill in the High School, — all provoked the 
violent opposition of this element. It would create a 
smile if I should read to you now the arguments against 
some of these beneficial measures. The introduction of 
city water, it was said, was only arranging for a deluge 
before we had built an ark ; as for the fire-alarm tele- 
graph, it was simply an infernal-machine which might lay 
the city in ruin and ashes at any moment. A witty 
friend of mine has a list of the remonstrants against 
these various improvements ; but I doubt whether, if I 
should read over the names, I should contribute to the 
harmony of this occasion. But it is so with all improve- 
ments, and an improvement which does not provoke oppo- 
sition can not be of much value. Even wise men must 
live and learn. Remember the great English statesman, 
who declared that he would swallow the boiler of the first 
steamship that crossed the Atlantic ! I need not say that 



AFTERNOON EXERCISES. ^7 

the promise yet remains unfulfilled. But let us have 
charity for those who were slow to perceive merit in the 
great projects I have named. 

Many shining names are written in the necrology of 
Lowell for the past few years, — names that stood for hon- 
est worth, for benevolence, for lasting services to their 
fellow-men, — names that gave lustre and character to our 
various departments of business, to the mill, the bank, 
and the school, and that seemed in some cases to add 
even sanctity to the church. Theodore Edson and Nathan 
Crosby, par nobile fratrum, Buttrick, Wentworth, Hosford, 
Talbot — I will name no more. Your hearts must com- 
plete the catalogue. But what a glorious company I 
might call around me of those who shed the sunlight of 
their cheerful and worthy lives upon our civic history! 
The reverend men of God, the scholars, the jurists, the 
wits, the thinkers, and the workers ! 

It was in our forum that Butler, and Sweetser, and 
Abbott awoke the admiration and apprehension of Choate; 
Bonney and Richardson alone are with us, to attest the 
reality of what seems a legendary age. It was from the 
pulpits of Lowell that Edson, Miles, Blanchard, and Miner 
preached. Banks, the bobbin -boy, began here a public 
career, useful and splendid, seldom vouchsafed to men. 
The man destined to wake the American people to the 
thought of liberty for others, as well as for themselves, 
Wendell Phillips, a careless law -student, dwelt among us 
once, playing the pranks with which even great men be- 
guile their youth — now satirizing society and now climb- 
ing Dracut heights to watch the lighting of the mills, 
describing the resplendent spectacle in language more 
resplendent still. The learning and influence of John P. 
Robinson made him the worthy mark of the first of liv- 



68 



AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 



ing satirists, the kinsman of our founder — James Russell 
Lowell — who ought to stand where I stand today, mak- 
ing our history shine in the light of his genius. 

And what wits and humorists, what minstrels and 
story-tellers, have filled our half-century with wit and 
wisdom, hope and recreation, under the guise of frolic and 
humor! The rubicund face of Perez Fuller rises before 
us now; "Governor" Brownell, the stateliest of wits, 
comes with the "majesty of buried Denmark"; Warland, 
Schouler, Ball, and Goodwin join the circle, and the voice 
of McEvoy rings above the chimes at midnight ; Lucy 
Larcom and Mary Eastman have been there with poem 
and speech, but — devotees of propriety — left at ten 
o'clock, the good old regulation hour ! 

And there was always a certain gravity, a peculiar 
somberness, in the humor and wit of Lowell. One or 
two examples will suffice. In the first contest for the 
mayoralty, feeling ran high ; a grand type of man must 
be chosen to set the standard for all time (and some of 
us will stoutly maintain that the standard has never been 
lowered). Bartlett was elected, and a banquet was given 
to celebrate the victory. Hilarity rose to a great height, 
the viands were superb, and the "foaming grape of 
eastern France" lent its sparkle to the hour. A pious, 
steady-going citizen, who, among other wares, occasionally 
dealt in pictures and bibles, had participated in the fes- 
tivity. When the collector, a wag, called for the assess- 
ment, our worthy friend had grave scruples about paying 
money for such a cause. But a happy thought occurred 
to the collector — "Pay your share in bibles!" And, 
although history is silent, malice declares that the com- 
promise was effected. 

At a meeting called to take action as to a school sys- 



AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 69 

tem, the imperious Kirk Boott was opposed to the meas- 
ure, and declared that it was folly to incur any expense 
in its behalf. Lowell was but an experiment, and a trav- 
eler visiting the place in a few years might find only a 
heap of ruins. Theodore Edson replied, that if the trav- 
eler examining . those ruins found among them no trace 
of a school-house, he would have no difficulty in assign- 
ing the cause of the downfall of Lowell. There is logic 
and wit enough in that retort to have made the reputa- 
tion of an English prime minister! 

Now I do not pretend to say that this community of 
ours is perfect. I am not here to flatter — it is not per- 
fect. It is deficient in many respects. It lacks in public 
spirit. The close, fierce struggle for existence has not been 
as favorable as might be to broad and liberal projects in 
the interests of education, charity, philanthropy. Public 
benefactions have been comparatively few and small. All 
honor to those who fill that narrow circle of our bene- 
factors, in which Tyler and Thomas Nesmith are most 
prominent. But we have no library, hospital, art-gallery, 
or academy, to signalize the wise liberality of any living 
man, or to commemorate the patient forethought of the 
dead. We are soon to have a noble park, it is true, 
planned with judgment and persistence by two devoted 
women, who wished the memory of their father to be 
linked forever with the comfort and enjoyment of a toil- 
ing people. All honor to them for their good work ! 

Again, the community lacks in local pride and ambi- 
tion. Our independent local life needs to be developed. 
This responsibility falls upon all of us, — upon the trades- 
man, the clerk, the mechanic, the journalist, the profes- 
sions. Compared with other places, is our work in every 
line above or below the standard ? Can we stand up. 



70 AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 

mechanic, trader, teacher, lawyer, and challenge the world 
to a comparison? Is there as much purity among our 
politicians, as much zeal and intelligence among our clergy, 
as in other places ? I fervently trust so. As the clock 
strikes the closing hour of our first half-century, these 
questions wait for an answer. I know that the future 
upon which we are about to enter is dark and lowering. 
I do not pretend to ignore or underrate the perils gath- 
ering round us. I see the social and economic forces 
thrown into confusion, arraying themselves under this or 
that banner, and shouting strange war-cries ; but I have 
faith to believe that courage, patience, and intelligence 
will soon evolve order out of this chaos ; that the rights 
of man and the rights of property will still be safe under 
the standard of Miles Standish ; and that, under the 
providence of Almighty God, this city of ours, founded 
upon the noble thought of Francis Cabot Lowell, will 
stand against every storm, the example and the admira- 
tion of all coming time. 



(fillUnrtet. "Old folks at home" . . . Arr.byRlx. 

APOLLO QUARTET. 



tonit?. 



From "The Black Hussar" . . . Millocker. 

AMERICAN ORCHESTRA. 



Bencbiction. 



THE CHAPLAIN. 



AFTERNOON EXERCISES. 71 

Upon the completion of the exercises in the 
afternoon, the members of the City Government, 
together with the guests of the city, repaired to 
Jackson Hall, where preparation had been fully 
made and a sumptuous collation was indulged in, 
Mr. Frank E. Shaw acting as caterer. 

After supper, His Honor Mayor Abbott was 
called to the chair, and introduced Hon. Frederic 
T. Greenhalge as toast-master, and a very pleasant 
time was spent until the hour arrived for the 



,^^ '''"'^s,,^ 



OK THR 




6it^ o^ ^^m -Qoweil. 



1836-1886. 
Evening Celebration, 

At Huntington Hall, Thursday, April 1, 1886, at 7.30 o'clock. 

LDVDD /IND RDCDPTION. 



Maisic by the AiriErican Drchestra 



L. W. HARDY, Director. 



Fr^jEraini, 



PART 1. 

1. GRyAND MARCH. "Semi-Centennial".. A. W. Hardy 

{Composed expressly for this octasioii.) 

2. OVERTURI-:. -William Tell" Rossini 

3. CONCERT WALIZ "Village Swallows . .Strauss 

4. SELECTIONS. "Chime.s of Normandy " . . Plaiiqiictte 

5. MEXICAN SERluNADE. '• Mandolatina " . . Livioyv 



PART II. 

1. IDYLLI-:. "Ihe Eorge in the Forest ' . . . Micluulis 

2. MAZURKA CAPRICE. "Blue Violets" . . Bilcnberg 
;v S1<:L1^CTI()NS. From "The Mikado" . . . Sullivan 

4. MUSICAL MIOLANCE Ikvttger 

5. GALOP. "Tally Ho!" Bernstein 



uGi^mg Oixereise^S 



{HE evening exercises consisted of a levee 
and reception, which was participated in 
by a large number of our citizens. The 

following program was rendered b)^ the American 

Orchestra. 




PARX I 
®Vanb ilTarcl). "Semi-Centennial" . . Z. W. Hardy. 

{Composed expressly for this occasion.) 



©UCrtUVC. "William Tell 



Rossini. 



Oloncert lUnlt;. 



Village Swallows 



Strauss. 



Selections. "Chimes of Normandy 



Planquette. 



iltedcan Screnatie. "Mandola 



Langey. 



78 EVENING EXERCISES. 

PART II. 

JuJJilC. "The Forge in the Forest" . . . Michaclis. 



iHa^urka Caprice. " blue violets" . . EUenberg. 



Selections. From "The Mjkado " Sullivan. 



Jttusical ^Telange Bcetgcr. 



Tally Ho ! " Bernstein. 



APPENDIX 



©©mmitte:eg. 



COMMITTEE. 



His Honor, JAMES C. ABBOTT, Mayor. 
LAWRENCE J. SMITH, Chairman. 



JEREMIAH CROWLEY. 



JAMES FRANCIS. 



COUNCILMEN. 

ROSWELL M. BOUTWELL. CHARLES H. RICHARDSON. 

CHARLES H. HOBSON, Secretary. 



RECEPTION COMMITTEE. 



WILLIAM F. SALMON. 
ARTEMAS S. TYLER. 
OLIVER E. CUSHING. 
THOMAS R. GARITY. 
GEORGE A. MARDEN. 
SOLON W: STEVENS. 

DAVID W. O'BRIEN, Clerk of Committee 



ALBERT A. HAGGETT. 
PRESCOTT C. GATES. 
WALTER COBURN. 
WALTER H. LEIGHTON. 
JAMES W. BENNETT. 
GEORGE F. LAWTON. 



CHIEF MARSHAL. 
CHARLES A. R. DIMON. 



Aids. 



PAUL BUTLER. 
EDWARD H. SHATTUCK. 
W. E. WESTALL. 
JOHN WELCH. 
ROBERT E. CROWLEY. 
EDWARD ELLINGWOOD. 
H. G. O. WEYMOUTH. 



ROYAL W. GATES. 

JAMES A. CARNEY. 

J. H. CARMICHAEL. 

A. W. DAVID. 

E. B. CON ANT. 

CHARLES F. BLANCHARD. 

HENRY V. HUSE. 



W. W. TUTTLE. 



^Me:gts ©f tfi^: ©itg. 



LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR AMES. 
Hon. C. C. DAME, 

Mayor of Newburyport. 
Hon. JOHN .S. PARSONS, 

Mayor of Gloucester. 
Hon. GEO. D. HART, 

Mayor of Lynn. 
Hon. JOHN M. RAYMOND, 

Mayor of Salem. 
ALEXANDER K. BRUCE, 

Mayor of Somerville. 
FREDERICK FOSDICK, 

Mayor of Fitchburg. 
JOHN J. WHIPPLE, 

Mayor of Brockton. 
CHARLES F. STONE, 

Mayor of Waltliani. 
.Hon. AMBROSE LAWRENCE, 

Ex-mayor of Lowell. 



Rev. Dk. MINER, of Boston, 

Formerly pastor of tlie Second Ur 
versalitL Church in Lowell. 
Gen. M. T. DONOHOE. 
Hon. A. R. BROWN. 
E. A. ALGER, Esq. 
JAMES PAYNE, Esq. 
IGNATIUS TYLER. 
ARTHUR T. LYMAN. 
MOSES G. HOWE, Esq. 
HERBERT PARKER. 
JONATHAN KIMDALL, Esq. 
L. W. FAULKNEU. 
GEORGE W. GATE.S. 
A. B. WRIGHT. 
BENJAMIN DEAN. 
ISAAC L. MORSE. 
J. H. MIVOLEES. 
L. H. RANSOME. 



betters fr0m fmuited (|Me:stg. 



FROM JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL. 

Deerfoot Farm, 

SouTHBOROUGH, 25th Jan., 1886. 
L. J. Smith, Esq. : 

Dear Sir, —\ am very sorry to say that it will not be 
in my power to accept the invitation with which the City 
Council of Lowell have honored me. I have already made 
my arrangements for a visit of three or four months to 
Europe, and shall be on my way before the date of your 
celebration. 

Beg-ging you to accept my thanks for the kind terms 
in which you have conveyed the invitation of the Com- 
mittee, and to make my thanks and regrets acceptable to 
the gentlemen composing it, 

I remain, dear sir, 

Respectfully yours, 

J. R. LOWELL. 



FROM JUDGE ABBOTT. 

317 Commonwealth Avenue, 
Boston, 30th Jan., 1886. 
My dear Mr. Smith, — I wish, through you, to say to 
the Committee of my old neighbors and fcllovv-citizcns of 



84 LETTERS FROM INVITED GUESTS. 

Lowell, how sincerely grateful and honored I feel by the 
distinguished compliment they have conferred upon me, by 
inviting me to deliver an address at the coming semi- 
centennial anniversary of the establishment of the city of 
Lowell. 

I have spent many years, among the happiest of my 
life, in your city, and with it are connected the pleas- 
antest as well as the saddest memories. 

Your semi-centennial anniversary stands wholly different 
from that of other towns and cities which have grown 
up in the present century. 

Many towns and cities no doubt have made greater 
progress in wealth and population in the last half-century, 
especially where they have been nourished by the almost 
boundless resources and fertility of the great West. Such 
places are among the best witnesses to our energy, re- 
sources, and power. But, in the case of Lowell, there is 
something more. 

Lowell marks the beginning of an epoch in the history, 
not only of New England, but of the whole country. 
With the foundations of Lowell were laid the foundations 
of the manufacturing industry of the country. 

And from the first start Lowell has known no back- 
ward progress. She has always maintained her position in 
the forefront. All connected with Lowell — and I count 
myself one — may well feel proud of her position. 

I should have been glad to address my fellow-citizens 
on so pleasant an occasion, if it had been within my 
power. But on looking over my engagements, I find 
it utterly impossible to give the time I should require to 
prepare such an address as I should wish to make to the 
audience I should meet. I find, too, that I am under an 
will probably take me out of the 



LETTERS FROM INVITED GUESTS. 85 

State at the time fixed. I must, therefore, very regret- 
fully, decline the honor you have conferred on me. 

Again thanking you and the Committee for their kind- 
ness, I am. 

Faithfully, 

Your friend and servant, 

J. G. ABBOTT. 



FROI\[ GOVERNOR ROBINSON. 

Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 
Executive Department, 

Boston, March 23, 1886. 

Chas. H. Hobson, Esq., Secretary, Lowell, Mass. : 

Dear Sir, — By your favor I have received the invita- 
tion of the Committee on the celebration of the fiftieth 
anniversary of the incorporation of the city of Lowell, to 
be present on Thursday, the first day of April next. 
While expressing to you, for the Committee, my cordial 
acknowledgment of the courtesy extended, I regret to say 
that public duties and engagements will compel me to 
decline. 

Extending my best wishes for the greatest enjoyment 
and success on the occasion named, 

I am yours very respectfully, 

GEO. D. ROBINSON. 



86 LETTERS FROM INVITED GUESTS. 



FROM LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR AMES. 

47 Equitable Building, 

Boston, March 17, 188C. 

Chas. H. Hobson, Esq., Secretary, Lowell, Mass. : 

Dear Sir, — I have great pleasure in accepting the in- 
vitation of the Committee to attend the fiftieth anniver- 
sary of the incorporation of the city of Lowell. 
Yours very truly, 

OLIVER AMES. 



FROM STATE TREASURER BEARD. 

Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 
Treasury Department, 

Boston, March 24, 1886. 

Chas. H. Hobson, Esq., Secretary, Lowell, Mass. : 

Dear Sir, — I am requested by the Treasurer to acknowl- 
edge receipt of your kind invitation to participate in, and 
be present at, your celebration on the ist proximo, and 
to express his sincere regrets that a severe and serious 
illness, which has confined him to his house for some 
weeks, will not permit his acceptance of your hospitality. 
Very truly yours, 

A. W. BEARD, Treasurer. 



VDAMS, CLERK. 



LETTERS FROM INVITED GUESTS. ^7 

FROM MAYOR O'BRIEN. 

City of Boston, 
Executive Department, March 31, 1886. 

Chas. H. Hobson, Esq., Secretary, Lowell, Mass. : 

Dear Sir, — I have delayed answering your kind invita- 
tion to be present at the exercises held to celebrate the 
fiftieth anniversary of the incorporation of your city, in 
the hope that the press\ire of business might relax suffi- 
ciently to enable me to accept it. 

I find that such is not the case, and I am therefore 
reluctantly compelled to decline the invitation, and forego 
the pleasure of witnessing the ceremonies. 

Trusting that the celebration may be a grand success, 
I remain, 

Yours, truly, 

HUGH O'BRIEN. 



FROM EX-MAYOR JOHN A. G. RICHARDSON 
Minneapolis, Minn., March 26, 1886. 

Chas. H. Hobson, Secretary, Lowell, Mass. : 

Dear Sir, — Your kind invitation to be present on the 
occasion of the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of 
the incorporation of the city of Lowell was duly received. 
I regret that I am obliged to forego the pleasure which 
would be afforded me by its acceptance. Neither time 
nor distance can ever efface the memory of happy years 
spent in the city of my birth. 



o» LETTERS FROM INVITED GUESTS. 

As I look back upon the years that are past, most 
vividly do I recall the scenes of childhood, youth, and 
manhood ; the many changes which have taken place and 
the events which have transpired. 

I should enjoy participating in the ceremonies if it 
were possible, and hope it may be a pleasant and mem- 
orable occasion to all. 

Thanking you for your invitation, 
I remain, 

Yours, very truly, 

JOHN A. G. RICHARDSON. 



FROM JUDGE WM. S. GARDNER. 

Newton, Mass., March 22, 1886. 

Mr. Chas. H, Hobson, Secretary, Lowell: 

My dear Sir, — I am in receipt of your very kind in- 
vitation, in behalf of the Committee on the celebration of 
the fiftieth anniversary of the incorporation of the city of 
Lowell, to attend the exercises on that occasion, the ist 
of April next. I regret that official duties will prevent 
my presence. 

As many of my early and happiest associations are in- 
separably connected with the city of Lowell, it is with 
great reluctance that I am compelled to decline your in- 
vitation. Please extend to the members of your Commit- 
tee my sincere thanks for their remembrance, 
And believe me, 

Yours, sincerely, 

WM. S. GARDNER. 



LETTERS FROM INVITED GUESTS. 89 

FROM BISHOP IV. R. HUNTINGTON. 

New York, March 27, 1SS6. 
CiiAS. H. HoBSON, Esq., Secretary : 

My dear Sir, — \i it were possible for me to get away 
from my professional duties, which just at this time are 
unusually pressing, I should hav^e very great pleasure in 
attending the celebration to be held in Lowell next wxek. 

Aside from my own personal recollections of Lowell as 
the home of my childhood and early youth, I cherish, 
and shall always cherish, towards the people of the place 
the warmest feelings of affection, on account of the loyal 
attachment manifested by them towards my father during 
the many years that he went in and out among them, 
healing their sick and not forgetful of their poor. 

Wishing success to the celebration, I am, my dear sir. 
Most truly yours, 

W. R. HUNTINGTON. 



FROM REV. DANIEL DORCHESTER, D. D. 

Natick, Mass., March 26, 1886. 
Mr. Chas. H. Hobson : 

Dear Sir, — Thanks for your invitation to be present at 
Lowell's fiftieth anniversary. 

So much of my ministerial life has been associated with 
your goodly city that it would afford me great pleasure 
to be present on that occasion. But my duties so crowd 
upon me, at present, that I shall be obliged to deny 
myself that satisfaction. 

Yours, etc., 

DANIEL DORCHESTER. 



90 LETTERS FROM INVITED GUESTS. 



FROM REV. A. A. MINER, D. D. 

528 Columbus Avenue, 

Boston, March 25, 1886. 
Chas. H. Hobson, Secretary : 

My dear Sir, — Extraordinaries excepted, it will give me 
great pleasure to accept your invitation to the celebration 
of the fiftieth anniversary of the incorporation of your 
city on April ist. 

Yours, truly, 

A. A. MINER. 



FROM REV. HENRY A. MILES, D. D. 

HiNGHAM, Mass., March 25, 1886. 
Chas. H. Hobson, Esq. : 

Dear Sir, — As I shall not be able to go to Lowell on 
your intended celebration, I must at least thank you for 
your invitation "to be the guest of the city" on that 
occasion. 

I went to Lowell a few months after the inauguration 
of the city government. So far as I know, I am the 
only survivor of the then circle of professional men, and 
of the agents of the corporations, who gave such success 
and reflected such honor upon the infant city. For the 
last thirty years or so Lowell has not been my abode, 
but I have marked its career with an ever-affectionate 
interest. 

At the close of the first year of Elisha Bartlett's ser- 
vice as mayor, I remember rallying him a little because 



LETTERS FROM INVITED GUESTS. 9 1 

he had not signalized his administration by the suppres- 
sion of any riot or rebellion. I have often sinee recalled 
his appropriate reply: "No," said he, "and there need 
never be any disturbance of the public peace where there 
is strict justice to all parties." 

The history of your city is a confirmatory comment on 
these words. It has had a difficult role to act, steering 
between the power of the corporations on the one hand, 
and the demands of the citizens on the other. In the 
present troubled times of conflict between labor and capital, 
the peaceable condition of Lowell has justly attracted wide 
notice and praise. This, of course, is not altogether ow- 
ing to municipal guidance. The wise plans of the early 
founders of Lowell have largely contributed to this result. 
It was their constant endeavor to make operatives owners 
of stock in the companies and depositors in the savings 
institutions. There would have been fewer strikes in our 
country if there were everywhere like unity of interest. 
May the lesson never be forgotten in Lowell, and may 
it be remembered, in other places ! 
With great regard, I am 

Yours, sincerely, 

HENRY A. MILES. 



FROM HON. EDWIN A. ALGER. 

Boston, Mass., March i6, 1886. 

Chas. H. Hobson, Esq., Secretary, Lowell, Mass. : 

Afy dear Sir, — Your letter, in behalf of the Committee 
on the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the incor- 



92 LETTERS FROM INVITED GUESTS. 

poration of the city of Lowell, extending to me an invi- 
tation to be present on that occasion, which is to occur 
on the 1st of April next, is before me. 

I have to say that I most cordially accept the invita- 
tion, and will be present as desired. 

Please extend to the Committee my thanks for this in- 
vitation, and more especially the kind consideration which 
prompted it, and believe me, 

Yours, very truly, 

EDWIN A. ALGER. 



FROM A. B. WRIGHT, ESQ. 

Boston, Mass., March 30, 1886. 

Chas. H. Hobson, Esq., Secretary: 

Dear Sir, — Please convey my thanks to the Committee 
on the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the incor- 
poration of the city of Lowell, for the kind invitation 
extended to be present on that occasion. It affords me 
great pleasure to say that I gladly accept. 

My long residence in Lowell, commencing in April, 
1826, and ending in 1869, has endeared its people to me 
far beyond my power of expression. I could say many 
things of a reminiscent character concerning places and 
events connected with the city; but as the occasion will 
bring forth, doubtless, a large number of recitals of that 
character, I will not extend this reply to the invitation 
of the Committee by giving any of my recollections con- 
cerning the city. 



lettp:rs from tnvitkd guests. 93 

Lowell began its charter existence only fourteen years 

after that of Boston, and was the third city in the State 

in its order of incorporation, being only one week behind 

Salem. The city of Lowell has a record of fifty years, 

taken in all its parts, whether as regards its government, 

its ofificials, or its citizens, of "which she may feel justly 

proud. 

Yours, respectfully, 

A. B. WRIGHT. 



FROM AL VAN CLARK, ESQ. 

Cambridgeport, Mass., March 27, 1886. 

My dear Sir, — I was the first man ever married in 
the town of Lowell, and my wife still lives. Our first 
child, who has long been my business partner, was born 
there. Sixty years ago I had excellent and dear friends 
there, and have ever since cherished a lively interest in 
them and in the city of Lowell. 

I should rejoice to be present on such an occasion as 
the first of April is to bring you, but I have reached 
my eighty-third year, and need rest. 

Most respectfully yours, 

ALVAN CLARK. 



FROM CHARLES FLETCHER, ESQ. 

Boston, Mass., March 29, 1886. 
Chas. H. Hobson, Esq. : 

Dear Sir, — Your invitation to attend the fiftieth anni- 
versary of the incorporation of your city was received 



94 LETTERS FROM INVITED GUESTS. 

last Saturday, and in reply would say that I duly appre- 
ciate the honor. 

It would give me pleasure to be present on the occa- 
sion, as I have always felt much interest in that place, 
being a direct descendant of one of the ancient families 
of the old town of Chelmsford, now included in the city 
of Lowell. My father was born on the farm adjoining 
the city farm. My grandfather Robert, and great-grand- 
father William, owned and lived on it. 

I lived in what is the city about two years, — 1826 
and 1827, — and was at the second annual town-meeting, 
of which Mr. Kirk Boott was moderator, and Mr. Samuel 
A. Coburn was town-clerk. I have been in Lowell much 
since that time, and have seen its progress. 

I was born in Wilton, N. H., July 6, 1800, so you 
perceive I am quite advanced in life, but able to do 
something in the Directory Office at present. 

My hearing is very poor, so that I could understand 
but little that was said at the meeting, and my enjoy- 
ment would be much less than if not deprived of that 
important sense. 

Our Fletcher Family Re-union is to be held in Lowell, 
the latter part of August next, and, if living and able, I 
shall wish to meet them again. 

After these considerations, I have concluded it best to 
deny myself the pleasure of attending your celebration. I 
hope you will all enjoy the meeting, and that the people 
and business of Lowell may continue to prosper in the 
future as in the past. 

Thanking you for your kindness, I am, 

Most respectfully yours, 

CHAS. FLETCHER. 



LETTERS FROM INVITED GUESTS. 95 



FROM GEO. E. FRANCIS, ESQ. 

WoKCESTER, Mass., May 31, 1886. 
Chas. H. Hobson, Esq., Secretary: 

Dear Sir, — I v'ery much regret that it is out of my 
power to be present at the anniversary exercises, and that 
I cannot accept the hospitaHty of my native city on that 
interesting- occasion. 

With many thanks for your courtesy, I remain 
Very truly yours, 

GEORGE E. FRANCIS. 



f|le:mbers of tie: Q\t% ^euernment 

Krom 1836 TO 1886, Inclusive. 



MA VORS. 



Abbott, James C, 86. 
Ayer, James H. B., 51. 
Bancroft, Jefferson, 46, 47, 48. 
Bartlett, Elisha, 36, 37. 
Cook, James, 59. 
Donovan, John J., 83, 84. 
Folsom, Jonathan ]'., 69, 70. 
French, Josiah B., 49, 50. 
Greenhalge, Frederic T., 80, 8 
Hosford, Hocum, 62, 63, 64. 
Huntington, Elisha, 39, 40, 4 

52, 56, 58. 
Jewett, Francis, 73, 74, 75. 



44. 45. 



Lawrence, Ambrose, 55. 
Lawrence, Luther, 38, 39. 
Mack, Sewall G., 53, 54. 
Mansur, Stephen, 57. 
Noyes, Edward J., 85. 
Peabody, Josiah G., 65, 66, 72. 
Richardson, George F., 67, 68. 
Richardson, John A. G., 78, 79. 
Runels, George, 82. 
Sargeant, Benjamin C, 60, 61. 
Sherman, Edward F., 71. 
Siott, Cliarles A., 76, 77. 
Wright, Nathaniel, 42, 43. 



ALDERMEN. 



Abbott, James C, 80. 
Adams, John R., 40, 41. 
Aiken, John, 37, 41. 
Alger, Edwin A., 58, 62, 63. 
Allen, Otis, 63. 
Ames, Seth, 36, 37, 40. 
Ash worth, Sager, 61. 
Austin, William, 36. 
Ayer, Frederick, 71. 
Ayer, James H. B., 49, 50. 



Bancroft, Jefferson, 41, 42. 
Bancroft, Selwing, 44, 45, 46. 
Barker, Horace R., 77, 78, 79. 
Battles, Frank F., 70, 71. 
Beard, Ithamar A., 42. 
Bedlow, Joseph, 40, 49, 50, 52. 
Belden, Charles F., 76. 
Blanchard, C. F., 54. 
Brackett, Shadrach R., 55. 
Bragdon, George, 47. 



MEMBERS OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT, 



Brooks, Artemas L., 49, 55. 
Brown, Darius C, 59. 
Brown, Joseph S., 74, 75. 
Brown, Samuel A., 66. 
Brown, William, 65. 
Brown, William D., 85. 
Brownell, George, 38, 49. 
Bryant, Mertoun C, 62. 
Bullens, Joseph M., 52, 53. 
Burbank, Samuel, 52, 56. 
Burke, William A., 62, 63. 
Butterworth, Samuel D., 81, 86. 
Butterfield, Joseph, 46, 47. 
Buttrick. Abner W., 67. 

Carleton, George H., 38, 39, 41. 

Carll, Francis, 76. 

Carter, Daniel, 49. 

Caswell, Alonzo F., 74. 

Chase, Samuel A., 75. 

Chellis, Seth, T,y, 38, 41. 

Cheney, George S., 69. 

Child, Linus, 47. 

Clark, John, 39. 

Cobb, Thaddeus S., 84. 

Coburn, Charles B., 56, 67, 68. 

Coburn, Charles H., 80. 

Coburn, Joseph V. B., 52, 53, 54. 

Conant, O. J., 56. 

Converse, Joshua, 51, 59. 

Cooper, Isaac, 46. 

Crombie, Daniel D., 49, 50. 

Crowley, Jeremiah, 73, 74, 77, 78, 84, 86. 

Cumnock, Alexander G., 72. 

Cushing, George S., 82. 

Gushing, Oliver E., 85. 

Cutler, Lucius A., 51. 

Dalton, John C, 45, 46. 
Dana, David, 48. 
Dimon, Charles A. R., 79. 
Dobbins, William, 73. 
Dodge, Charles W., 66. 
Dodge, Joseph M., 58. 
Donohoe, Peter H., 84. 
Douglas, Erastus, 48. 
Dudley, Albion J., 66, 67, 68. 

Farr, Alpha B., 72, 73. 
Farrington, Isaac, j^. 



Fenno, James, 47. 

Fifield, George W., 83, 84. 

Fiske, William, 51, 52, 55. 

Fletcher, Horatio, 54. 

Fletcher, Miles J., 83, 84. 

Folsom, Jonathan P., 59, 61, 62, 73. 

Francis, James, 85, 86. 

Francis, James B., 49, 50, 62, 63, 64. 

French, Amos B., 70, 71. 

French, Benjamin F., 38, 39. 

French, Cyril, 41, 42, 43, 49. 

Frost, Abner, 55, 60. 

Frye, Frederick, 68. 

Gardner, William S., 60, 61. 
Garity, Thomas R., 81, 82. 
Gates, Josiah, 65, 66. 
Gerry, Gustavus A,, 72. 
Goodwin, John A., 75, 76. 
Goulding, Robert, 79. 
Gove, Dana B., 64, 65. 
Graves, Jacob, 48. 
Graves, John W., 4?. 
Gray, William C, 46. 
Green, John O., 39. 
Griffin, Joseph, 43, 44. 

Haggett, Albert A., 71, 76. 
Hardy, Philip, 50, 51. 
Hartwell, James D., 80, 85. 
Hildreth, Charles L., 68, 69, 70. 
Hildreth, Henry A., 76. 
Hill, Paul, 59. 
Hooke, Henry M., 66. 
Hosford, Hocum, 61, 67. 
Howe, Charles F., 79. 
Howe, Henry C, 71, 72. 
Howe, John F., 59, 85. 
Howe, Lorenzo G., 55, 59, 60. 
Hubbard, John Q. A., 69, 70. 
Huntington, Elisha, 47, 53, 54. 
Huntoon, George L., 74. 
Hutchinson, Samuel K., 53, 54. 

Jewett, Francis, 68, 69. 
Jewett, Jeremiah P., 58. 
Johnson, Henry C, 43. 
Johnson, Jonathan, 56, 57. 
Johnston, William S., 55. 



MEMBERS OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 



99 



Kelley, William, 72. 
Kendall, Jonathan, 74. 
Kimball, Charles H., 77. 
Kittredge, Joseph G., 37. 
Knapp, Daniel, 45, 46. 

Ladd, Jonathan, 59. 
Lamsoil, Edwin, 80. 
Latham, Cyrus H., 64, 65, 69. 
Lawrence, Ambrose, 51, 59. 
Lilley, Charles S., 79. 
Livingston, William, 42. 
Livingston, William E., 67, 68. 

Mack, Sewall G., 47, 58. 
Manahan, Samuel T., 59, 60, 6r 
Mansur, Aaron, 36. 
Mansur, Stephen, 40, 47, 53. 
McNeill, William T., 64, 65. 
Mi.\er, John, 50. 
Morse, William G., 60, 61. 

Nesmith, John, 57. 
Newman, William, 48. 
Nichols, Oilman N., 48. 
Nichols, William, 63. 
Norris, George W., 64, 65. 
North, Frederick T., 72. 
North, William, 51, 52. 
Nourse, Francis H., 57. 
Nute, Andrew T., 55, 57. 

Owen, James, 75. 

Park, Robert, 77, 78. 
Parker, William IL, 67. 
Patch, Benjamin, 72. 
Peabody, Josiah G., 50. 
Penniman, George F., 85, 86. 
Pevey, Abiel, 58, 63. 
Pevey, John M., 68. 
Phillips, John F., 82, 83, 85, 86. 
Pillsbury, Harlin, 40, 43. 
Pinkham, George E., 77. 
Plimpton, Albert B., 66. 
Pollard, Joseph S., 78, 79. 
Prescott, D. Moody, 82, 83. 
Puffer, Stephen B., 77, 78, 86. 
Putnam, Addison, 70, 71. 



Quinn, Edward B., 84. 

Rand, James IL, 56. 
Ready, Ambrose L., 81. 
Rice, Edward C, 67, 68. 
Richardson, Alden B., 75. 
Richardson, Charles H., 80, 8i. 
Richardson, Daniel S., 48. 
Richardson, George F., 64. 
Rogers, Jacob, 75, 76. 
Rolfe, Abiel, 51. 
Runels, George, 64, 73. 

Salmon, William F., 71. 
Sanborn, Nathaniel C, 74, 78. 
Sargent, Joseph L., 66, 67. 
Sawtcll, Josiah, 47, 48. 
Sawyer, Jacob H., 73. 
Scripture, George E., 78, 79. 
Scribner, George F., 78, 79. 
Scripture, Isaac F., 62, 63, 80, 81. 
Shedd, Freeman B., 84. 
Sherman, Edward F., 70. 
Smith, George B., 82, 83. 
Silver, Harvey, 58. 
Sleeper, Charles W., 82. 
Smith, Henry, 44, 45, 46. 
Smith, John W., 71. 
Smothers, Jonathan, 57. 
Southwick, John R., 66, 67. 
Southworth, William S., 64. 
Spalding, Ira, 53, 54. 
Spalding, Sidney, 43. 
Sperry, Charles, 54. 
Sprague, Levi, 81. 
Stanley, George E., jG, 77, 85, 86. 
Stevens, Alpha, 52, 53. 
Stevens, George, jt,, 74. 
Stickney, Samuel W. 57, 58. 
Stiles, Julius, 81. 
Stott, Charles A., 69, 70. 
Swan, Charles A. F., 73. 
Swan, Joshua, 37. 

Tapley, Joseph, 36. 
Thomas, Robert J., 83, 84. 
Thurston, Nathaniel, 42. 
Tilden, Charles L., 38, 39, 43. 
Townsend, James, 50, 51. 
Tuck, Edward, 56, 59, 73. 



lOO 



MEMBERS OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 



Tuttle, John B., 57. 
Tyler, Jonathan, 40. 
Tyler, Silas, Jr., 68. 

Varney, Samuel J., 52, 59. 

Waite, Alclis L., 61, 62. 

Walker, Benjamin, 36. 

Walker, Benjamin, 72, 74, 75. 

Walker, George P., 77. 

Watson, Edward ¥., 44, 45, 60, 65. 

Watson, James, 60, 61. 

Webster, William P., 56. 

Welch, John, 82, 83. 

Wheeler, Albert, 58, 62, 63. 

Whipple, Oliver M., 36, 38, 39, 44, 45, 48. 



White, Joseph, 53, 54. 
Whitney, David, 61. 
Whittaker, David, 82, 83. 
Wiggin, William H., 76. 
Wilder, Charles H., 56. 
Wilder, Henry H., 60, 65, 69. 
Wood, Robert, 80, Si. 
Woodward, Daniel, 55. 
Woodward, John C, 57. 
Wright, Alexander, 36, 37. 
Wright, Atwill F., 80. 
Wright, Daniel, 86. 
Wright, Hapgood, 56, 69, 70, 75. 
Wright, John, 44. 
Wright, William A., 82. 



COUNCILMEN. 



Abbott, Joel A., 74, 75. 
Abbott, Joshua, 37. 
Adams, Joel, 47. 
Adams, Jonathan, 45. 
Adams, Sylvanus, 40. 
Aiken, John, 49. 
Allen, Nathan, 57. 
Allen, Otis, 43, 48. 
Allen, Otis L., 47, 48. 
Ambrose, Joseph M., 78, 79. 
Anderson, William H., 68, 69. 
Appleton, Isaac, 42. 
Ashworth, George L., 83, 84. 
Atherton, Abel T., 71, 72. 
Avery, John, 48. 
Avery, John, 2d, 58. 
Ayer, Abel M., 61. 
Aver, James C, 63. 

Bacheldcr, David S., 47. / 

Badger, George W., 68, 69. 
Baker, William, 37, 38. 
Balch, Daniel, 45, 46. 
Bancroft, Jefferson, 39, 40. 
Barnard, William, 58, 59. 
Barnes, Horace B., 82. 
Baron, Jacob, 61, 66. 
Bartlett, Robert G., 78, 79. 



Bartlett, Stephen, 55. 
Bass, William, 73. 
Bates, Wilbur L., 80. 
Battles, Cyrus, 43. 
Battles, Joseph, 40. 
Baxter, Henry J., 36, 38, 39, 43. 
Beck, Samuel, 6r. 
Belden, Charles F., 72, 73. 
Bennett, George A., 83, 84. 
Bennett, James W., 76, 77. 
Bennett, John, 55. 
Benson, William T., 79, 80. 
Bird, Andrew, 37. 
Bixby, Daniel, 43. 
Blake, Jesse, 58, 59. 
Blanchard, Amos A., 71, 73. 
Blanchard, C. F., 53. 
Blanchard, William D., 59, 61. 
Blodgett, Orlando, 77, 78. 
Blood, Andrew, 58. 
Blood, Orford R., 75, 76. 
Bohonan, Morrill M., 60, 6r. 
Bonney, Milton, 52, 53. 
Boutwell, Roswell M., 86. 
Bowers, Francis H., 41. 
Bowers, Jonathan, 36, 46. 
Bowers, Jonathan, 53, 54. 
Boydeii, Erastus, 57, 58. 



MEMBERS OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT 



lOI 



IJrabrook, Joseph A., 58. 

Bradley, William H., 54. 

Bracit, David, 43, 44. 

Bradt, Gerritt J., 38, 39. 

Brady, Frank, 73, 74, 77. 

Brady, Peter J., 84, 85. 

Bragdon, George, 41. 

Bragg, Maynard, 49, 50, 55. 

Brennan, Miles F., 78, 79. 

Brennan, Timothy, 86. 

Brigham, Danforth P., 45, 46. 

Brigham, Oramel A., 78. 

Brothers, George W., 85. 

Brown, Darius C, 51, 52, 54. 

Brown, Eliphalet, 38, 39. 

Brown, Francis, 68, 69. 

Brown, Joseph S., 72, 73, 83, 84. 

Brown, Leonard, 53, 54, 58, 59, 71, 7: 

Brown, Samuel W., 40, 41, 47. 

Brown, Willard, 43. 

Brown, Willard A., 69, 70. 

Brown, William, 45, 46. 

Brownell, George, 36, 37. 

Bumps, George G., 53. 

Burbank, Samuel, 40, 41. 

Burgess, Ebenezer, 58, 59. 

Burgess, Horatio G., 62. 

Burgess, Thomas F., 66, 67. 

Burnap, Ethan, 40, 41. 

Burnham, Albert W., 79, 81, 82. 

Burnham, Crawford, 71, 72. 

Butcher, Robert H., 66, 73. 

Butler, Josiah, 75. 

Butterworth, Benjamin S., 58, 59. 

Butterworth, Samuel D., 78. 

Buttrick, Abner W., 40, 44, 45, 50. 

Buttrick, Alden B., 56. 

CahiU, James H., 83, 84. 
Callahan, Charles, 76. 
Carey, Wilson W., 85, 86. 
Carleton, Stephen, 39. 
Carll, Francis, 75. 
Carlton, William, 42, 43. 
Carolin, Thomas, 74, 75. 
Carpenter, Benedict C)., 62, 63. 
Carrol], Henry H., 56, 57. 
Carter, Henry P., 69, 70. 
Caswell, Alonzo F., 72, 73. 
Caswell, Michael B., 52, 53. 



Cater, Jose])h, 6[. 
Caverly, Zachariah B., 51, 52. 
Cawley, Edward, 78, 79. 
Chadwick, Alfred M., 84, 85. 
Chandler, Francis H.,71. 
Chase, Alfred H., 66, 67, 68. 
Chase, John K., 56. 
Chase, Samuel M., 72, 73. 
Chase, William K., 79. 
Cheney, Cleveland J., 62, 64. 
Cheney, George S., 67, 68. 
Child, Linus, 51. 
Choate, George, 44, 45. 
Church, Henry C, 71. 
Churchill, Daniel, 64. 
Clark, Jeremiah, 52. 
Clark, John, 36, 44. 
Clark, Michael F., 8;^, 84. 
Clark, William W., 78. 
Cleary, Daniel, 86. 
Clough, Henry P., 60, 61. 
Cobb, Thaddeus S., 82, 83. 
Coburn, Peter S., 77, 78. 
Coburn, Charles B., 44, 51. 
Coburn, Fordyce, 50, 51, 63. 
Coburn, Stephen A., 47. 
Collins, David M., 56. 
Conihe, William, 47, 48. 
Conlan, Patrick, 53, 54. 
Converse, Joshua, 40. 
Cook, Mark H., 55. 
Cook, James, 36, 53. 
Cooper, Eli, 38. 
Cooper, Henry C, 80. 
Cooper, Isaac H., 41. 
Corbett, INIichael, 70, 71. 
Corliss, Horatio G. F., 44, 46, 59. 
Cosgrove, John, 63, 64. 
Courtney, John, 77, 78. 
Cowley, Charles, 75, 76. 
Crane, Charles T., 68. 
Crane, John J., 40, 41. 
Critchett, Nathaniel, 41, 42, 48. 
Crombie, James C, 47, 48. 
Crosby, Caleb, 49, 50, 57, 59, 60. 
Crowley, Dennis J., 82, 83. 
Crowley, Jeremiah, 70, 71. 
Cummings, Lawrence, 80, Si. 
Cummiskey, Hugh, 43, 44. 
Cummiskey, Patrick, 70, 71. 



MEMBERS OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 



Currier, Jeremiah M., 48, 49. 
Cushing, George S., •j'j, 78. 

Dana, David, 36, 38. 
Dana, George E., 61. 
Dane, George, 40, 
Dane, Osgood, 37. 
Daniels, Joshua W., 55. 
Davis, Elisha, 49. 
Davis, George E., 77. 
Davis, Samuel G., 47. 
Davis, Stephen C, 81, 82. 
Dean, Benjamin C, 76. 
Decatur, Joseph, 49. 
Dennis, Edward P., 75. 
Dennis, Richard, 51. 
Dexter, Solomon K., 83, 84. 
Dickey, Hanover, 58. 
Dinsmoor, James, 49. 
Dobbins, William, 67, 71. 
Dodge, Charles W., 64, 65. 
Dodge, Joseph M., 37. 
Dodge, Luke C, 65, 66. 
Donohoe, Peter H., 80, 81. 
Donohue, Frank J., 83. 
Donovan, Matthew, 70. 
Douglass, Erastus, 36, 38. 
Douglass, Roswell, 42. 
Downs, John E., 63, 64. 
Downs, Rollin C, 62, 66. 
Drury, John, 86. 
Dudley, Albion J., 62, 63, 64. 
Dudley, Willard, 58. 
Durgin, John H., Jr , 69, 70, 71. 

Eames, Luther J., 72. 
Eastman, Charles J., 74. 
Eastman, Charles S., 54. 
Eaton, Forrest, 39, 40, 44. 
Ela, Horace, 71, 72. 
Elliott, George P., 50, 51. 
Elliott, James G., 83, 84. 
Emerson, Solomon D., 51. 
Enright, Thomas J., 85, 86. 

Farr, Alpha B., 58, 69, 70. 
Farrington, Charles E., 79, 80. 
Farrington, Isaac, 46, 47. 
Farrington, Southwell, 72. 
Farrington, Willis, 76. 



Favor, Nathaniel B., 49, 50. 
Favor, Nathaniel P., 72, 'jy 
Fay, Samuel, Jr., 45. 
Fellows, James K., 37, 56. 
Fenno, James, 45. 
Fielding, Josiah B., 60. 
Fielding, Stephen K., 55. 
Fifield, Edward, 51, 52, 62. 
Fisher, Waldo A., 49. 
Fiske, William, 37, 38, 41, 50. 
Fiske, William O., 69, 70. 
Fitts, Isaac N., 42. 
Fitts, John L., 39, 40, 46. 
Flagg, William H., 48, 49. 
Flanders, Peter, Jr., 56. 
Fletcher, Edmund D., 62, 63. 
Fletcher, Horatio, 47. 
Fletcher, Marcellus H., 84, 86. 
Fletcher, Miles J., 82. 
Fletcher, William, 46. 
Flynn, Thomas J., 80, 81. 
Folsom, Alanson, 55. 
Folsom, Jonathan P., 56, 67. 
Foot, James L., 38. 
Ford, John N., 51. 
Foster, Amos H., 60. 
Foster, James, 65, 67. 
Foster, Samuel W., 80. 
Frawley, Peter O'C, 54. 
Freeman, Benjamin F., So. 
French, Abram, 52, 53. 
French, Cyril, 36. 
French, Everett \V., 62, 63. 
French, Josiah B., 36, 42. 
Frye, Frederick, 62, 63. 
Frye, Nathan \V., 72, 73, 74. 
Fuller, Jason, 74, 75. 
Fuller, Perez, 38. 
Fulton, James R., 85, 86. 

Gage, Benjamin H., 37. 
Gage, Seth, 56. 
Gage, William H., 54. 
Gale, Oilman, 44, 45. 
Gardner, George, 50, 51. 
Garity, Thomas R., 75. 
Garland, Samuel, 36. 
Garner, Edward, 8r, 82. 
Garrett, Robert J., 57. 
Gates, Elihu, 47, 48. 



MEMBERS OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 



103 



Gates, Josiah, 63. 
Gerrish, Benjamin J., 43. 
Gerrisli, Thomas G., 64. 
Gerry, Gustavus A., 65, 66, 67. 
Gibson, Moses, 81, 82. 
Gilman, Alfred, 43, 48, 49, 55. 
Goddard, Benjamin, 50, 51. 
Goddard, Charles T., 71, 74. 
Goodale, Irving K., 77, 78. 
Goodale, William, 57, 59. 
Goodspeed, Calvin, 38. 
Googins, Benjamin L., 65, 66. 
Goulding, Robert, 77, 78. 
Goward, Zephaniah, 58. 
Grady, James, 82, 83. 
Grady, William H., 76, 77. 
Gray, William C, 44, 45. 
Greenhalge, Frederic T., 68, 69. 
Grush, Joseph S., 53, 54. 

Hadley, John, 42. 

Haggett, Albert A., 68, 69. 70, 73, 75. 

Hale, Parley, 38. 

Hall, Asa, 40. 

Hall, Zachariah D., 81, 82. 

Hallowell, Charles E., 76 77. 

Hanson, Charles H., 76, 77. 

Hanson, James S., 84, 85. 

Hard, Charles F., 62, 63. 

Harding, Oliver M., 77. 

Harris, George L , 55. 

Hartwell, James D., 70, 75. 

Harvey, Charles H., 74, 75, 78. 

Hastings, Horatio W^, 36. 

Haviland, Francis N. J., 71. 

Hayes, Jeremiah J., 81, 82. 

Healey, David, 44. 

Hill, Epaphras A., 69, 70. 

Hill, Paul, 52, 54. 

Hills, Eliphalet, 56. 

Hilton, Hoyt W., 64. 

Hinckley, Isaac, 56. 

Hobson, Charles H., 86. 

Hobson, George, 59, 60. 

Hodge, William A., 66. 

Hogan, John J., 83, 84. 

Holden, Benjamin F., 43. 

Holland, John W., 41. 

Holt, Joseph S., 39. 

Holton, Frederick, 56, 57. 



Hopkins, James, 42. 
Hopkinson, Thomas, 38, 39, 48. 
Horn, Samuel, 39. 
Hosford, Hocum, 60, 70. 
Hosmer, Samuel, 80, Si. 
Hovey, William, 52. 
Howard, Horace, 36, 38, 48. 
Howard, John F., 75, 76. 
Howe, Frank W., 85, 86. 
Howe, Henry C, 53, 54. 
Howe, James M., 57, 59, 81, 82. 
Howe, John F., 57, 58. 
Howe, Lorenzo G., 62. 
Hoyt, Eli W., 78, 79. 
Hubbard, Charles, 57, 64, 65. 
Hubbard, Columbus J., 46. 
Hubbard, John Q. A., 67, 68. 
Hunt, John B., 67, 68. 
Hunt, Jonathan T. P., 37. 
Huntington, Elisha, 37, 38. 
Huntoon, George L., 66, 67. 
Hurd, Daniel, 55. 
Hurd, George W. S., 73, 74. 
Huse, Jesse, 47, 48, 49. 
Hutchinson, Charles C , 80, 81. 
Hutchinson, K. M., 40. 
Hutchinson, Thomas, S., 46. 
Hyde, Amos, 45, 46. 

Ireson, Benjamin S., 60. 

Jaquith, Leonard W., 52. 
Jepson, John C, 57. 
Jewell, Leonard F., 56. 
Jewett, Andrew F., 64, 65, 66. 
Jewett, Francis, 64, 65. 
Jewett, Frank E., 61, 62. 
Jewett, Jeremiah P., 42. 
Jockow, Julius C, 71, 72, 74. 
Johnson, Edward C, 47, 48. 
Johnson, Jonathan, 55, 66. 
Johnson, Julius C, 81,82. 
Jones, George W., 51. 
Jones, Phineas, 69, 70. 
Jones, Stephen IL, 76, 78. 
Jordan, True P., 72. 

Kelley, William, 68, 69. 
Kelly, James, 79,' 80. 
Kelly, Simon, 77, 78. 



I04 



MEMBERS OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 



Kendall, Jonathan, 42, 44, 52. 
Kent, James, 65. 
Keyes, Henry F., 85. 
Keyes, Joseph B , 6r, 62. 
Keyes, Julian V., 65, 66. 
Keyes, Patrick, 69, 70. 
Kimball, Charles A., 66. 
Kimball, Charles H., 76. 
Kimball, Daniel R., 50. 
Kimball, John F., 76, 77, 78. 
Kimball, Jonathan, 57. 
King, Gardner W., 76, 77. 
Kingsley, Enos O., 56, 78. 
Kittredge, Joseph G., 40. 
Kittredge, William, 67, 69, 70. 
Knapp, Daniel, 39, 40. 
Knapp, Joel, 71. 

Ladd, Samuel G., 70, 7U. 
Lamson, Edwin, 68, 69. 
Lamson, Tobias L. P., 64, 65. 
Lamson, William, Jr., 49, 50. 
Lamson, William H., 60. 
Lancaster, Samuel T., 60, 61. 
Lang. William A., 85, 86. 
Latham, Cyrus H., 63. 
Lawrence, Ambrose, 49. 
Lawrence, Samuel, 2d, 50, 83. 
Lawton, James, 67, 68. 
Lawton, Pliny, 43. 
Leavitt, Erasmus D., 41, 42. 
Lee, John T., 66, 67. 
Lennon, Thomas, 54. 
Livingston, Elbridge, 52. 
Livingston, William, 41. 
Locke, John G., 39. 
Lord, Henry A., 72, 73. 
Loughlin, James A., 73, 74. 
Lovejoy, Elwyn W., 85, 86. 
Lyford, John B., 74, 75. 
Lyford, Simeon G., 69, 70. 
Lynch, Patrick, 71, 77. 



Mansur, Joseph W., 42. 
Mansur, Stephen, 36, 39. 
March, Oliver, 42, 43. 
Marin, Samuel P., 74, 81. 
Maxfield, Jared P., 73, 74, 77. 
Maynard, John M., 58. 
McAlvin, John B., 43, 45. 
McCann, John, 63. 
McEvoy, Hugh, 6^. 
McLitire, Lewis, 39. 
McNeill, William T., 62. 
McVey, Edward D., 86. 
Mead, Franklin, 46, 47. 
Mead, John, 42, 43. 
Mead, John J., 82, 83. 
Meadowcroft, John L, 70, 71. 
Mealey, John J., /8. 
Melvin, Abram T., 49. 
Merriam, Amos, 44. 
Merrill, John F., 6S. 
Merrill, Joshua, 50. 
Minot, Willard, 52. 
Mitchell, Charies F., 43. 
Mixer, John, 36, 38. 
Moar, Stephen, 51. 
Monty, Albert W., 78, 79, 83, 84. 
Moody, David J., 46. 
Moore, James M., 55, 65. 
Morey, George F., 60, 61. 
Morris, Henry P., 78, 79. 
Morrison, James G., 61, 64. 
Morrison, James H , 84, 85. 
Morrison, John, 41, 42. 
Morse, Isaac S., 49. 
Morse, Isaiah, 47. 
Morse, Luther B., 59. 
Morse, William G., 55, 57. 
Morse, W. W., 49. 
Moulton, John 1,., 70, 71. 
Munn, Francis D., 68, 69. 77. 
Munn, Francis D., Jr., 85, 86. 
Murphy, Daniel, 83, 84. 



Mack, Sewall G., 43, 44. 
Maguire, John E., 81, 82. 
Mahan, Patrick J., 86. 
Mahoney, John P., 83. 
Mallard, Albert. 50, 51, 62. 
Manahan, Samuel T., 58. 
Manning, Daniel W., 76, 77. 



Nesmith, John, 39, 40, 42, 48. 
Nesmith, Thomas, 36, 37. 
Nesmith, Thomas, 78, 81. 
Newhall, Henry L., 85, 86. 
Newman, William, 47. 
Nichols, Alanson, 57. 
Nichols, David, 59. 



MEMBERS OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 



105 



Nichols, Oilman N., 44, 45, 46. 
Nichols, William, 57, 58, 60. 
Nolan, John, 84, 85. 
Noonan, Richard J., 79, So. 
Nonis, George W., 6r, 62. 
North, Frederick T., 65, 66, 67. 
North, William, 37. 
North, William L., 61. 
Nourse, David, 36. 
Nourse, Francis H , 55, 56. 
Nowell, Foster, 60, 61, 67. 

O'Donnell, John, 79. 
Orange, Henry S., 6r, 62, 63, 68. 
Ordway, Thomas, 36. 
Osgood, Ben, 43, 44. 
Osgood, George N., 65. 
Osgood, Josiah, 37, 40. 
Osgood, William H., St, 82. 
Osterhordt, Simeon D., 65. 
Owens, James, 73, 74. 



Bickering, Sanuiel K., 53, 54. 
Pickman, John J., 76, 77. 
Pierce, John N., Jr., 67, 68. 
Pike, John R., 84. 
Pillsbury, Harlin, 39. 
Pinkham, George E., 69. 
Pinkham, James N., 66. 
Place, Isaac, 56. 
Plunkeit, Patrick H., 85, 86. 
Pollard, Joseph S., 64, 65. 
Pooler, Seth, 52. 
Potter, Hubert M., 81. 
Potter, William, 41. 
Powers, Hannibal, 47, 48. 
Powers, Joel, 46, 47. 
Powers, Peter, 56. 
Prescott, D. Moody, 8r. 
Prescott, Samuel D., 67, 68. 
Puffer, Asahel D., 59. 
Puffer, James F., Jr., 82. 
Putnam, Addison, 64. 



Packard, Lewis, 46. 

Page, Isaac, 58. 

Page, J. Frank, 83, 84. 

Page, Jonathan, 50. 

Parker, Isaac N., 47, 48. 

Parker, William C, 52, 53. 

Parker, William H., 61. 

Parnienter, Horace, 48. 

Partridge, George W., 59, 60. 

Patch, Benjamin, 69, 70. 

Patch, Henry, 40, 41. 

Patten, Joseph A., 55, 68, 69. 

Patterson, George W., 52, 53. 

Patterson, James, 42, 43. 

Paul, George K., 55. 

Paul, Rufus, 38. 

Payne, Edward J., 42, 43. 

Peabody, Josiah G., 59, 60. 

Pearson, John, 65. 

Peirce, Edward B., 79, 80, 83, 84. 

Perkins, Henry P.. 60, 61, 70, 71, 7: 

Perkins, M. Gilbert, 61, 67, 76. 

Perkins, Paul, 52, 53. 

Perrin, Lewis L., 64, 65. 

Pettingell, John, 62. 

Pevey, Abiel, 56, 57. 

Phelps, Jesse, 37, 38. 

Philbrick, Calvin, 53, 54. 



Quimby, Enoch, 60. 
Quinn, John, 62, 63. 

Rand, James H., 58. 
Rand, Oliver P., 55. 
Randlett, Thomas L., 38, 39. 
Read, Elijah M.,37. 
Read, William A., 75, 76. 
Ready, Ambrose L., 79, 80. 
Reed, Edward E., 74, 75. 
Reed, Ransom, 48. 
Rice, Edward C, 65, 66. 
Richardson, Charles H., 79, 86. 
Richardson, Daniel S., 45, 46. 
Richardson, George F., 62, 63. 
Richardson, George R., 85. 
Richardson, Julian A., 74. 
Richardson, William A., 49, 53, 54 
Ripley, George, 64, 65. 
Robbins, Charles H., 77. 
Robbins, Jacob, 39. 
Robinson, Edwin A., 79, 80. 
Roby, Augustus B., 55. 
Rodliff, Ferdinand, 40. 
Rogers, David, 56, 57. 
Rogers, Patrick A., 79,80. 
Rogers, Rufus, 52, 53. 
Rogers, Zadock, 46. 



io6 



MEMBERS OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 



Rolfe, Abiel, 48, 56. 
Roper, George A., 85, 86. 
Rugg, Chester W., 65, 66. 
Runels, Charles, 76. 
Runels, George, 62. 
Russell, Alonzo L., 72, 83, 84. 
Russell, James, 36, 37, 42, 44. 

Salmon, William F., 58, 59, 60. 
Sanborn, Amos, 69. 
Sanborn, Edwin, 76, 77. 
Sanborn, Elon A., 61, 62. 
*Sanborn, Nathaniel C, 71, 72, 73. 
Sands, James, 56. 

Sargeant, Benjamin C, 51, 52, 56, 57, 58. 
Sargent, Joseph L., 60, 6r. 
Sargent, Stephen P.. 50, 51. 
Saunders, Alfred S., 49, 60, 61. 
Saunders, Charles W., 63. 
Savels, John A., 36. 
Sawtell, Calvin, 67, 68. 
Sawtell, George F., 63. 
Sawtell, Josiah, 45, 46. 
Sawyer, Jacob H., 74. 
Sawyer, Walter M.,85, 86. 
Scott, Alfred, 66, 67. 
Scott, John, 74. 
Scribner, George F., 57. 
Scripture, Isaac, 44, 45. 
Seavev, Josiah, 42. 
Shaw, Major A., 79. 
Shedd, Varnum A., 42. 
Shepard, John, 67, 68. 
Shepard, William, 72. 
Sherlock, Peter B., 86. 
Sherman, Aaron H., 38. 
Sherman, Edward, 45. 
Sherman, William W., 64. 
Short, Charles M., 46, 47, 48. 
Simonds, John P., 43, 44, 45. 
Skillings, David G., 70. 
Sleeper, Charles W., 75. 
Slocum, John P., 60. 
Smiley, Stephen J., 73. 74. 
Smith, George, 73. 
Smith, John, 41. 
Smith. John C, 52, 53, 54. 
Smith, John W., 49, 50. 
Smith, Lawrence J., 81, 82, 83, 86. 
Smith, Oliver W., 66. 



Smith, Patrick J., 83, 84, 85. 
Smothers, Jonathan, 50, 51. 
Southwick, John R., 47, 65. 
Southwick, Royal, 41. 
Spalding, Ira, 42, 43. 
Spalding, Sidney, 36. 
Spalding, Weld, 36. 
Sparks, Thomas J., 84, 85, 86. 
Spencer, Ethan N., 68. 
Sprague, Levi, 59, 64. 
Stacey, Lucian P., 55, 69, 70. 
Stafford, William, 63. 
Stanley, George W., 53, 54. 
Stanley, Stephen T., 57. 
Starbird, Charles D., 76, 80. 
Stearns, Nathaniel, 63. 
Stevens, Solon, 46, 47. 
Stevens, J. Tyler, 80. 
Stickney, Daniel, 73, 74. 
Stiles, Lewis, 76, 79. 
Stockman, Edward, 75, 76. 
Stott, Charles A., 59, 60. 
Stott, John, 70, 71. 
Straw, Levi H., 54, 55. 
Streeter, Holland, 51, 52, 56. 
Sweetser, Theodore H., 51. 

Talbot, Julian, 72. 
Tapley, Joseph, 37. 
Taylor, Amos A., 54. 
Taylor, Ivers, 49, 50. 
Taylor, Luke B., 78, 79, 85. 
Tebbetts, Temple, 57. 
Thissell, Earl A., 72, 73, 75, 80, 
Thissell, John F.,83. 
Thomas, Marcus A., 53, 54. 
Thomas, Robert J.. 81, 82. 
Thompson, Albert G., 81, 82. 
Thompson, Marshall E., 56. 
Tilton, Abram, 37. 
Tilton, Charles F., 72, y;^. 
Tilton, George W., 74, 75. 
Townsend, James, 42. 
Tripp, John, 50. 
Tripp, John L., 43, 44. 
Tuck, Edward, 58. 
Tucke, Edward M., 78, 79. 
Tukey, Frederick S., 64. 
Twichell, William, 51, 52. 
Tyler, Artemas S., 73. 



MEMBERS OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 



107 



Tyler, Ignatius, 47, 48. 
Tyler, Jonathan, 36, 39. 
Tyler, Joseph, 37. 
Tyler, Silas, Jr., 67. 

Upham, William, 38. 

Varney, Samuel J., 50, 51. 
Varnum, Atkinson C, 81, 82. 
Varnum, Charles F., 79, 80. 
Varnum, Leavitt R. J., 75, 76. 
Vinall, William D., 57. 

Walker, Benjamin, 38, 39, 40. 

Walker, Benjamin, 65, 66, 71. 

Walker, Charles H., 76, 77. 

Walker, Ruel J., 67, 68. 

Walker, William, 68, 69. 

Walsh, John A., 82. 

Ward, Sullivan L, 60,61. 

Warren, Pelham W., 40. 

Warren, Theodore, 55. 

Watson, Alden B., 64, 65. 

Watson, Edward F., 40, 41. 

Watson, James, 50, 51. 

Weaver, Caleb 0,52, 53. 

Webb, John E., 58, 59, 72, 73. 

Webster, William P., 54, 58, 59. 

Welch, Arnold, 41. 

Welch, Arnold S., 85, 86. 

Welch, Charles A., 57, 74, 75. 

M''elch, John W., 75, 76. 

Welch, Willard C, 45, 46. 

Wentworth, Tappan, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41. 

Wentworth, Thomas, 47, 48. 

Wetherbee, Asa, 44, 45. 

Wheeler, Albert, 56. 

Wheelock, Andrus C, 49. 

White, Jonathan, 41. 

White, William H., 85. 

Whiting, Phineas, 41, 52. 



Whitmorc, George H., 66. 
Whitten, William T., 56. 
Wiggin, William H., 57. 
Wilde, Benjamin, 38, 39. 
Wilder, Charles H., 37, 44, 45. 
Wilder, Henry H., 53, 54. 
Wilkins, Charles, 58, 59. 
Willoughby, Asa W., 42. 
Willoughby, John, 59. 
Wilson, Foster, 67. 
Wilson, Gerry, 48, 49. 
Wilson, Hubbard, 54, 62. 
Wilson, Joseph M., 79, 80, 84. 
Wilson, Nathaniel, 41. 
Winslow, Edward, 41. 
Wood, Frank, 80, 81, 82. 
Wood, Samuel N., 64. 
Woodies, Fred, 79, 80. 
Woods, Edward P., 73, 74. 
Woods, George F., 53, 54. 
Woodward, John C, 54, 55. 
Woodworth, Artemas B., 82, 83. 
Worthen, George W., 50, 51. 
Wright,. Albert D., 75. 
Wright, Amos D., 62, 63. 
Wright, Atwill F., 63, 64, j;^. 
Wright, Ezekiel, 49. 
Wright, George S., 49, 50. 
Wright, Hapgood, 45, 46. 
Wright, John, 44. 
Wright, Lorenzo P., 45, 46. 
Wright, Nathan M., 67. 
Wright, Nathaniel, Jr., 44, 45. 
Wright, Walter, 37, 38, 39, 43- 
Wright, William A., 63, 66. 
Wyman, William W., 37. 

Young, Aaron B., 55. 
Young, Artemas S., 64. 
Young, Enoch P., 58. 
Young, George W., 59, 60. 



vA 



